Metastatic Dissemination: Role of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Use as Clinical Biomarkers
Cancer is a major cause of mortality in humans; often, rather than the primary tumor, it is the presence of metastases that are the cause of death. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small structures released by both normal and cancer cells; regarding the latter, they have been demonstrated to modulat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9590 |
| _version_ | 1797597281353990144 |
|---|---|
| author | Ilaria Giusti Giuseppina Poppa Giulia Di Fazio Sandra D’Ascenzo Vincenza Dolo |
| author_facet | Ilaria Giusti Giuseppina Poppa Giulia Di Fazio Sandra D’Ascenzo Vincenza Dolo |
| author_sort | Ilaria Giusti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cancer is a major cause of mortality in humans; often, rather than the primary tumor, it is the presence of metastases that are the cause of death. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small structures released by both normal and cancer cells; regarding the latter, they have been demonstrated to modulate almost all cancer-related processes, such as invasion, angiogenesis induction, drug resistance, and immune evasion. In the last years, it has become clear how EVs are widely involved in metastatic dissemination as well as in pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation. Indeed, in order to achieve a successful metastatic process, i.e., penetration by cancer cells into distant tissues, the shaping of a favorable environment into those distant tissue, i.e., PMN formation, is mandatory. This process consists of an alteration that takes place in a distant organ and paves the way for the engraftment and growth of circulating tumor cells derived from the tumor primary site. This review focuses on the role of EVs in pre-metastatic niche formation and metastatic dissemination, also reporting the last studies suggesting the EVs role as biomarkers of metastatic diseases, possibly in a liquid biopsy approach. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:04:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c9da333974c4b3398a98a355f2042d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:04:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c9da333974c4b3398a98a355f2042d62023-11-18T08:01:11ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-05-012411959010.3390/ijms24119590Metastatic Dissemination: Role of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Use as Clinical BiomarkersIlaria Giusti0Giuseppina Poppa1Giulia Di Fazio2Sandra D’Ascenzo3Vincenza Dolo4Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio–Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio–Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio–Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio–Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio–Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyCancer is a major cause of mortality in humans; often, rather than the primary tumor, it is the presence of metastases that are the cause of death. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small structures released by both normal and cancer cells; regarding the latter, they have been demonstrated to modulate almost all cancer-related processes, such as invasion, angiogenesis induction, drug resistance, and immune evasion. In the last years, it has become clear how EVs are widely involved in metastatic dissemination as well as in pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation. Indeed, in order to achieve a successful metastatic process, i.e., penetration by cancer cells into distant tissues, the shaping of a favorable environment into those distant tissue, i.e., PMN formation, is mandatory. This process consists of an alteration that takes place in a distant organ and paves the way for the engraftment and growth of circulating tumor cells derived from the tumor primary site. This review focuses on the role of EVs in pre-metastatic niche formation and metastatic dissemination, also reporting the last studies suggesting the EVs role as biomarkers of metastatic diseases, possibly in a liquid biopsy approach.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9590extracellular vesicles (EVs)cancermetastasispre-metastatic nicheliquid biopsycancer biomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Ilaria Giusti Giuseppina Poppa Giulia Di Fazio Sandra D’Ascenzo Vincenza Dolo Metastatic Dissemination: Role of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Use as Clinical Biomarkers International Journal of Molecular Sciences extracellular vesicles (EVs) cancer metastasis pre-metastatic niche liquid biopsy cancer biomarkers |
| title | Metastatic Dissemination: Role of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Use as Clinical Biomarkers |
| title_full | Metastatic Dissemination: Role of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Use as Clinical Biomarkers |
| title_fullStr | Metastatic Dissemination: Role of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Use as Clinical Biomarkers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metastatic Dissemination: Role of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Use as Clinical Biomarkers |
| title_short | Metastatic Dissemination: Role of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Use as Clinical Biomarkers |
| title_sort | metastatic dissemination role of tumor derived extracellular vesicles and their use as clinical biomarkers |
| topic | extracellular vesicles (EVs) cancer metastasis pre-metastatic niche liquid biopsy cancer biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9590 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ilariagiusti metastaticdisseminationroleoftumorderivedextracellularvesiclesandtheiruseasclinicalbiomarkers AT giuseppinapoppa metastaticdisseminationroleoftumorderivedextracellularvesiclesandtheiruseasclinicalbiomarkers AT giuliadifazio metastaticdisseminationroleoftumorderivedextracellularvesiclesandtheiruseasclinicalbiomarkers AT sandradascenzo metastaticdisseminationroleoftumorderivedextracellularvesiclesandtheiruseasclinicalbiomarkers AT vincenzadolo metastaticdisseminationroleoftumorderivedextracellularvesiclesandtheiruseasclinicalbiomarkers |