Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Booster Reduces the Likelihood of COVID-19 Outcomes in Individuals Primed with Oral Poliovirus Vaccination
<b>Introduction:</b> Prior research explores whether seasonal and childhood vaccines mitigate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although there are trials investigating COVID-19 infection in response to the effects of the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), there has been no prior research ass...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/3/219 |
| _version_ | 1797239142777618432 |
|---|---|
| author | Brittany A. Comunale Robin J. Larson Yea-Jen Hsu Erin Jackson-Ward Chisom Azodoh Aditi Singh Lilly D. Engineer |
| author_facet | Brittany A. Comunale Robin J. Larson Yea-Jen Hsu Erin Jackson-Ward Chisom Azodoh Aditi Singh Lilly D. Engineer |
| author_sort | Brittany A. Comunale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Introduction:</b> Prior research explores whether seasonal and childhood vaccines mitigate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although there are trials investigating COVID-19 infection in response to the effects of the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), there has been no prior research assessing COVID-19 outcomes in recently immunized adults with the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). <b>Methods:</b> SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptoms were analyzed across a cohort of 282 adults who received an IPV booster. Bivariate and multivariate regression models explored associations among variables related to vaccination histories and COVID-19 outcomes. <b>Results:</b> One year post-IPV inoculation, participants who had never received OPV were more likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 and experience COVID-19 symptoms, compared to those who had previously received OPV (OR = 3.92, 95%CI 2.22–7.03, <i>p</i> < 0.001; OR = 4.45, 95%CI 2.48–8.17, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Those who had never received OPV experienced COVID-19 symptoms for 6.17 days longer than participants who had previously received OPV (95%CI 3.68–8.67, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Multivariate regression modeling indicated COVID-19 vaccination did not impact SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 symptoms in this sample of adults who had recently received IPV. <b>Discussion:</b> Findings suggest IPV may boost mucosal immunity among OPV-primed individuals, and COVID-19 vaccination may not provide additional protection among those who had received IPV. Future, larger-scale studies should measure the extent of protective effects against COVID-19 to inform public health policies in resource-deficient settings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:46:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ca37621a834441e9e69313b6fcb3b0b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:46:50Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ca37621a834441e9e69313b6fcb3b0b2024-03-27T14:06:51ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-02-0112321910.3390/vaccines12030219Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Booster Reduces the Likelihood of COVID-19 Outcomes in Individuals Primed with Oral Poliovirus VaccinationBrittany A. Comunale0Robin J. Larson1Yea-Jen Hsu2Erin Jackson-Ward3Chisom Azodoh4Aditi Singh5Lilly D. Engineer6Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAGeisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USADepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161, USADepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA<b>Introduction:</b> Prior research explores whether seasonal and childhood vaccines mitigate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although there are trials investigating COVID-19 infection in response to the effects of the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), there has been no prior research assessing COVID-19 outcomes in recently immunized adults with the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). <b>Methods:</b> SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptoms were analyzed across a cohort of 282 adults who received an IPV booster. Bivariate and multivariate regression models explored associations among variables related to vaccination histories and COVID-19 outcomes. <b>Results:</b> One year post-IPV inoculation, participants who had never received OPV were more likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 and experience COVID-19 symptoms, compared to those who had previously received OPV (OR = 3.92, 95%CI 2.22–7.03, <i>p</i> < 0.001; OR = 4.45, 95%CI 2.48–8.17, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Those who had never received OPV experienced COVID-19 symptoms for 6.17 days longer than participants who had previously received OPV (95%CI 3.68–8.67, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Multivariate regression modeling indicated COVID-19 vaccination did not impact SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 symptoms in this sample of adults who had recently received IPV. <b>Discussion:</b> Findings suggest IPV may boost mucosal immunity among OPV-primed individuals, and COVID-19 vaccination may not provide additional protection among those who had received IPV. Future, larger-scale studies should measure the extent of protective effects against COVID-19 to inform public health policies in resource-deficient settings.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/3/219SARS-CoV-2 infectionCOVID-19poliovirusmucosal immunitydrug repositioningvaccines |
| spellingShingle | Brittany A. Comunale Robin J. Larson Yea-Jen Hsu Erin Jackson-Ward Chisom Azodoh Aditi Singh Lilly D. Engineer Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Booster Reduces the Likelihood of COVID-19 Outcomes in Individuals Primed with Oral Poliovirus Vaccination Vaccines SARS-CoV-2 infection COVID-19 poliovirus mucosal immunity drug repositioning vaccines |
| title | Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Booster Reduces the Likelihood of COVID-19 Outcomes in Individuals Primed with Oral Poliovirus Vaccination |
| title_full | Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Booster Reduces the Likelihood of COVID-19 Outcomes in Individuals Primed with Oral Poliovirus Vaccination |
| title_fullStr | Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Booster Reduces the Likelihood of COVID-19 Outcomes in Individuals Primed with Oral Poliovirus Vaccination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Booster Reduces the Likelihood of COVID-19 Outcomes in Individuals Primed with Oral Poliovirus Vaccination |
| title_short | Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Booster Reduces the Likelihood of COVID-19 Outcomes in Individuals Primed with Oral Poliovirus Vaccination |
| title_sort | inactivated poliovirus vaccine booster reduces the likelihood of covid 19 outcomes in individuals primed with oral poliovirus vaccination |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 infection COVID-19 poliovirus mucosal immunity drug repositioning vaccines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/3/219 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT brittanyacomunale inactivatedpoliovirusvaccineboosterreducesthelikelihoodofcovid19outcomesinindividualsprimedwithoralpoliovirusvaccination AT robinjlarson inactivatedpoliovirusvaccineboosterreducesthelikelihoodofcovid19outcomesinindividualsprimedwithoralpoliovirusvaccination AT yeajenhsu inactivatedpoliovirusvaccineboosterreducesthelikelihoodofcovid19outcomesinindividualsprimedwithoralpoliovirusvaccination AT erinjacksonward inactivatedpoliovirusvaccineboosterreducesthelikelihoodofcovid19outcomesinindividualsprimedwithoralpoliovirusvaccination AT chisomazodoh inactivatedpoliovirusvaccineboosterreducesthelikelihoodofcovid19outcomesinindividualsprimedwithoralpoliovirusvaccination AT aditisingh inactivatedpoliovirusvaccineboosterreducesthelikelihoodofcovid19outcomesinindividualsprimedwithoralpoliovirusvaccination AT lillydengineer inactivatedpoliovirusvaccineboosterreducesthelikelihoodofcovid19outcomesinindividualsprimedwithoralpoliovirusvaccination |