Electrochemical sensing at nanoporous film‐coated electrodes
Abstract In this paper, we highlight the uniqueness of nanoporous film‐coated electrodes as electrochemical sensing platforms. Specifically, we focus on discussing electrodes coated with insulator‐based monolithic films comprising vertically‐oriented, rigid cylindrical nanopores of uniform diameters...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley-VCH
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Electrochemical Science Advances |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.202100126 |
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| author | Takashi Ito Akash Nathani |
| author_facet | Takashi Ito Akash Nathani |
| author_sort | Takashi Ito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In this paper, we highlight the uniqueness of nanoporous film‐coated electrodes as electrochemical sensing platforms. Specifically, we focus on discussing electrodes coated with insulator‐based monolithic films comprising vertically‐oriented, rigid cylindrical nanopores of uniform diameters (2–200 nm). The electrode coating results in the formation of an array of recessed nanodisk electrodes, and thus we named them recessed nanodisk‐array electrodes (RNEs). We first summarize the properties of nanoporous films commonly used for RNE fabrication, including nanoporous anodic alumina membranes, track‐etched polymer membranes, block copolymer‐derived nanoporous films, and mesoporous silica films. Subsequently, we discuss representative works that take advantage of the uniform size/shape of the nanopores for enhancing electrochemical detection selectivity and sensitivity. RNE‐based sensors measure faradaic currents from redox‐active analytes or exogenously‐added electroactive species that penetrate through the nanopores, or those from redox‐active moieties tethered to the surface of the nanopores or underlying electrodes. The enhanced detection selectivity of these sensors is attributed to the preferential partitioning of analytes into the nanopores or steric/electrostatic exclusion of interfering species. In particular, the uniform sizes/shapes of RNE nanopores play key roles in their higher molecular sieving selectivity and also in the better control of the detection selectivity based on electrostatic/chemical interactions. The detection sensitivity of RNE‐based sensors can be improved by tailoring the chemical environments of the nanopores for analyte preconcentration or for steric/electrostatic manipulation of the dynamics of redox‐tagged binding moieties. These unique characteristics of RNEs, in addition to the mitigation of electrode fouling by the nanoporous films, will enable the development of pretreatment‐free electrochemical sensors for complex matrix solutions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:33:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ca3d57a6eca486ea770b337ba62adff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2698-5977 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:33:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electrochemical Science Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ca3d57a6eca486ea770b337ba62adff2023-08-17T12:00:55ZengWiley-VCHElectrochemical Science Advances2698-59772022-10-0125n/an/a10.1002/elsa.202100126Electrochemical sensing at nanoporous film‐coated electrodesTakashi Ito0Akash Nathani1Department of Chemistry Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USADepartment of Chemistry Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USAAbstract In this paper, we highlight the uniqueness of nanoporous film‐coated electrodes as electrochemical sensing platforms. Specifically, we focus on discussing electrodes coated with insulator‐based monolithic films comprising vertically‐oriented, rigid cylindrical nanopores of uniform diameters (2–200 nm). The electrode coating results in the formation of an array of recessed nanodisk electrodes, and thus we named them recessed nanodisk‐array electrodes (RNEs). We first summarize the properties of nanoporous films commonly used for RNE fabrication, including nanoporous anodic alumina membranes, track‐etched polymer membranes, block copolymer‐derived nanoporous films, and mesoporous silica films. Subsequently, we discuss representative works that take advantage of the uniform size/shape of the nanopores for enhancing electrochemical detection selectivity and sensitivity. RNE‐based sensors measure faradaic currents from redox‐active analytes or exogenously‐added electroactive species that penetrate through the nanopores, or those from redox‐active moieties tethered to the surface of the nanopores or underlying electrodes. The enhanced detection selectivity of these sensors is attributed to the preferential partitioning of analytes into the nanopores or steric/electrostatic exclusion of interfering species. In particular, the uniform sizes/shapes of RNE nanopores play key roles in their higher molecular sieving selectivity and also in the better control of the detection selectivity based on electrostatic/chemical interactions. The detection sensitivity of RNE‐based sensors can be improved by tailoring the chemical environments of the nanopores for analyte preconcentration or for steric/electrostatic manipulation of the dynamics of redox‐tagged binding moieties. These unique characteristics of RNEs, in addition to the mitigation of electrode fouling by the nanoporous films, will enable the development of pretreatment‐free electrochemical sensors for complex matrix solutions.https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.202100126block copolymerselectrochemistrymesoporous materialssensorsthin films |
| spellingShingle | Takashi Ito Akash Nathani Electrochemical sensing at nanoporous film‐coated electrodes Electrochemical Science Advances block copolymers electrochemistry mesoporous materials sensors thin films |
| title | Electrochemical sensing at nanoporous film‐coated electrodes |
| title_full | Electrochemical sensing at nanoporous film‐coated electrodes |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemical sensing at nanoporous film‐coated electrodes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical sensing at nanoporous film‐coated electrodes |
| title_short | Electrochemical sensing at nanoporous film‐coated electrodes |
| title_sort | electrochemical sensing at nanoporous film coated electrodes |
| topic | block copolymers electrochemistry mesoporous materials sensors thin films |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.202100126 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT takashiito electrochemicalsensingatnanoporousfilmcoatedelectrodes AT akashnathani electrochemicalsensingatnanoporousfilmcoatedelectrodes |