The Effect of Plant Source on the Properties of Lignin-Based Polyurethanes
This work increases our understanding of the effect of plant source on the mechanical and morphological properties of lignin-based polyurethanes (PUs). Lignin is a polymer that is synthesized inside the plant cell wall and can be used as a polyol to synthesize PUs. The specific aromatic structure of...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-02-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Energy Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2018.00004/full |
| _version_ | 1828436077738721280 |
|---|---|
| author | Jason M. Lang Umesh M. Shrestha Mark Dadmun Mark Dadmun |
| author_facet | Jason M. Lang Umesh M. Shrestha Mark Dadmun Mark Dadmun |
| author_sort | Jason M. Lang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work increases our understanding of the effect of plant source on the mechanical and morphological properties of lignin-based polyurethanes (PUs). Lignin is a polymer that is synthesized inside the plant cell wall and can be used as a polyol to synthesize PUs. The specific aromatic structure of the lignin is heavily reliant on the plant source from which it is extracted. These results show that the mechanical properties of lignin-based PUs differ based on lignin’s plant source. The morphology of lignin-based PUs was examined using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and the mechanical properties of lignin-based PU samples were measured using dynamic mechanical analysis and shore hardness (Type A). The thermal analysis and morphology studies demonstrate that all PUs prepared form a multiphase morphology. In these PUs, better mixing was observed in the wheat straw lignin PU samples leading to higher moduli than in the hardwood lignin and softwood lignin PUs whose morphology was dominated by larger aggregates. Independent of the type of the lignin used, increasing the fraction of lignin increased the rigidity of PU. Among the different types of lignin studied, PU with wheat straw soda lignin exhibited storage moduli ~2-fold higher than those of PUs incorporating other lignins. This study also showed that during synthesis all hydroxyl groups in the lignin are not available to react with isocyanates, which alters the number of cross-links formed within the PU and impacts the mechanical properties of the material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:20:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0cad82395ca1401dba1c7150b9352b09 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-598X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:20:27Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Energy Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-0cad82395ca1401dba1c7150b9352b092022-12-22T01:36:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Energy Research2296-598X2018-02-01610.3389/fenrg.2018.00004320833The Effect of Plant Source on the Properties of Lignin-Based PolyurethanesJason M. Lang0Umesh M. Shrestha1Mark Dadmun2Mark Dadmun3Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United StatesChemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United StatesThis work increases our understanding of the effect of plant source on the mechanical and morphological properties of lignin-based polyurethanes (PUs). Lignin is a polymer that is synthesized inside the plant cell wall and can be used as a polyol to synthesize PUs. The specific aromatic structure of the lignin is heavily reliant on the plant source from which it is extracted. These results show that the mechanical properties of lignin-based PUs differ based on lignin’s plant source. The morphology of lignin-based PUs was examined using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and the mechanical properties of lignin-based PU samples were measured using dynamic mechanical analysis and shore hardness (Type A). The thermal analysis and morphology studies demonstrate that all PUs prepared form a multiphase morphology. In these PUs, better mixing was observed in the wheat straw lignin PU samples leading to higher moduli than in the hardwood lignin and softwood lignin PUs whose morphology was dominated by larger aggregates. Independent of the type of the lignin used, increasing the fraction of lignin increased the rigidity of PU. Among the different types of lignin studied, PU with wheat straw soda lignin exhibited storage moduli ~2-fold higher than those of PUs incorporating other lignins. This study also showed that during synthesis all hydroxyl groups in the lignin are not available to react with isocyanates, which alters the number of cross-links formed within the PU and impacts the mechanical properties of the material.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2018.00004/fullplant sourceligninpolyolpolyurethanehardwoodsoftwood |
| spellingShingle | Jason M. Lang Umesh M. Shrestha Mark Dadmun Mark Dadmun The Effect of Plant Source on the Properties of Lignin-Based Polyurethanes Frontiers in Energy Research plant source lignin polyol polyurethane hardwood softwood |
| title | The Effect of Plant Source on the Properties of Lignin-Based Polyurethanes |
| title_full | The Effect of Plant Source on the Properties of Lignin-Based Polyurethanes |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Plant Source on the Properties of Lignin-Based Polyurethanes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Plant Source on the Properties of Lignin-Based Polyurethanes |
| title_short | The Effect of Plant Source on the Properties of Lignin-Based Polyurethanes |
| title_sort | effect of plant source on the properties of lignin based polyurethanes |
| topic | plant source lignin polyol polyurethane hardwood softwood |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2018.00004/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jasonmlang theeffectofplantsourceonthepropertiesofligninbasedpolyurethanes AT umeshmshrestha theeffectofplantsourceonthepropertiesofligninbasedpolyurethanes AT markdadmun theeffectofplantsourceonthepropertiesofligninbasedpolyurethanes AT markdadmun theeffectofplantsourceonthepropertiesofligninbasedpolyurethanes AT jasonmlang effectofplantsourceonthepropertiesofligninbasedpolyurethanes AT umeshmshrestha effectofplantsourceonthepropertiesofligninbasedpolyurethanes AT markdadmun effectofplantsourceonthepropertiesofligninbasedpolyurethanes AT markdadmun effectofplantsourceonthepropertiesofligninbasedpolyurethanes |