Early Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculum and Fertilizer on Morphological and Physiological Variables of Nursery-Grown <i>Nothofagus alessandrii</i> Plants
<i>Nothofagus alessandrii</i> (ruil) is an endangered relict species, endemic to the Mediterranean area of Chile, and one of the most threatened trees in the country. Its natural distribution area has been greatly reduced by the effect of human activities; the remaining fragments are mos...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/7/1521 |
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| author | Antonio M. Cabrera-Ariza Patricia Silva-Flores Marta González-Ortega Manuel Acevedo-Tapia Eduardo Cartes-Rodríguez Götz Palfner Patricio Ramos Rómulo E. Santelices-Moya |
| author_facet | Antonio M. Cabrera-Ariza Patricia Silva-Flores Marta González-Ortega Manuel Acevedo-Tapia Eduardo Cartes-Rodríguez Götz Palfner Patricio Ramos Rómulo E. Santelices-Moya |
| author_sort | Antonio M. Cabrera-Ariza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Nothofagus alessandrii</i> (ruil) is an endangered relict species, endemic to the Mediterranean area of Chile, and one of the most threatened trees in the country. Its natural distribution area has been greatly reduced by the effect of human activities; the remaining fragments are mostly intervened and highly deteriorated as a habitat and refuge for the associated biodiversity. In order to produce healthy and resistant nursery plants for recovery and restoration of <i>N. alessandrii</i> forests, this study evaluates the early effects of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum (MFI) combined with fertilization on the cultivation of seedlings. The experiment was established under a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of the mycorrhizal factors (M0 = without mycorrhizal, M1 = <i>Thelephora</i> sp. and M2 = <i>Hebeloma</i> sp.) and fertilization (F1 = standard fertilization and F2 = intensive fertilization), with three replicates of each combination, for each type of plant (P1 = plants from one season and P2 = plants from two seasons). Each experimental unit corresponded to a group of 20 plants, with 720 plants in the test. The results indicate that application of fertilizer and MFI significantly affects some growth and photosynthesis parameters of ruil plants in one and two seasons. The morphological parameters obtained in the study show shoot height values ranging between 67 and 91 cm for P1 and between 96 and 111 cm for P2; while, for shoot diameter, values ranged between 7.91 and 8.24 mm for P1 and between 10.91 and 11.49 mm for P2. Although formation of fully developed mycorrhizal roots was not observed during the assay period, we conclude that inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi combined with fertilization could be an efficient strategy to produce a quality plant, in addition to maintaining a high photosynthetic capacity and, therefore, a higher percentage of survival in the field. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:27:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0cb27bca3dbb43b39b3117533c5fff8d2023-11-17T17:23:45ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-03-01127152110.3390/plants12071521Early Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculum and Fertilizer on Morphological and Physiological Variables of Nursery-Grown <i>Nothofagus alessandrii</i> PlantsAntonio M. Cabrera-Ariza0Patricia Silva-Flores1Marta González-Ortega2Manuel Acevedo-Tapia3Eduardo Cartes-Rodríguez4Götz Palfner5Patricio Ramos6Rómulo E. Santelices-Moya7Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, Talca 3460000, ChileCentro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, Talca 3460000, ChileCentro Tecnológico de la Planta Forestal, Instituto Forestal Sede Biobío, Camino a Coronel Km 7.5, San Pedro de la Paz 4130000, ChileCentro Tecnológico de la Planta Forestal, Instituto Forestal Sede Biobío, Camino a Coronel Km 7.5, San Pedro de la Paz 4130000, ChileCentro Tecnológico de la Planta Forestal, Instituto Forestal Sede Biobío, Camino a Coronel Km 7.5, San Pedro de la Paz 4130000, ChileLaboratorio de Micología y Micorriza, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, ChileCentro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, Talca 3460000, ChileCentro de Desarrollo del Secano Interior, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, Talca 3460000, Chile<i>Nothofagus alessandrii</i> (ruil) is an endangered relict species, endemic to the Mediterranean area of Chile, and one of the most threatened trees in the country. Its natural distribution area has been greatly reduced by the effect of human activities; the remaining fragments are mostly intervened and highly deteriorated as a habitat and refuge for the associated biodiversity. In order to produce healthy and resistant nursery plants for recovery and restoration of <i>N. alessandrii</i> forests, this study evaluates the early effects of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum (MFI) combined with fertilization on the cultivation of seedlings. The experiment was established under a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of the mycorrhizal factors (M0 = without mycorrhizal, M1 = <i>Thelephora</i> sp. and M2 = <i>Hebeloma</i> sp.) and fertilization (F1 = standard fertilization and F2 = intensive fertilization), with three replicates of each combination, for each type of plant (P1 = plants from one season and P2 = plants from two seasons). Each experimental unit corresponded to a group of 20 plants, with 720 plants in the test. The results indicate that application of fertilizer and MFI significantly affects some growth and photosynthesis parameters of ruil plants in one and two seasons. The morphological parameters obtained in the study show shoot height values ranging between 67 and 91 cm for P1 and between 96 and 111 cm for P2; while, for shoot diameter, values ranged between 7.91 and 8.24 mm for P1 and between 10.91 and 11.49 mm for P2. Although formation of fully developed mycorrhizal roots was not observed during the assay period, we conclude that inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi combined with fertilization could be an efficient strategy to produce a quality plant, in addition to maintaining a high photosynthetic capacity and, therefore, a higher percentage of survival in the field.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/7/1521ruilfungiphotosynthesis |
| spellingShingle | Antonio M. Cabrera-Ariza Patricia Silva-Flores Marta González-Ortega Manuel Acevedo-Tapia Eduardo Cartes-Rodríguez Götz Palfner Patricio Ramos Rómulo E. Santelices-Moya Early Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculum and Fertilizer on Morphological and Physiological Variables of Nursery-Grown <i>Nothofagus alessandrii</i> Plants Plants ruil fungi photosynthesis |
| title | Early Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculum and Fertilizer on Morphological and Physiological Variables of Nursery-Grown <i>Nothofagus alessandrii</i> Plants |
| title_full | Early Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculum and Fertilizer on Morphological and Physiological Variables of Nursery-Grown <i>Nothofagus alessandrii</i> Plants |
| title_fullStr | Early Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculum and Fertilizer on Morphological and Physiological Variables of Nursery-Grown <i>Nothofagus alessandrii</i> Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculum and Fertilizer on Morphological and Physiological Variables of Nursery-Grown <i>Nothofagus alessandrii</i> Plants |
| title_short | Early Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculum and Fertilizer on Morphological and Physiological Variables of Nursery-Grown <i>Nothofagus alessandrii</i> Plants |
| title_sort | early effects of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum and fertilizer on morphological and physiological variables of nursery grown i nothofagus alessandrii i plants |
| topic | ruil fungi photosynthesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/7/1521 |
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