Inhibition of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> by <i>Litsea cubeba</i> Essential Oil and the Antibacterial Mechanism
<i>Litsea cubeba</i> essential oil (LC-EO) has anti-insecticidal, antioxidant, and anticancer proper-ties; however, its antimicrobial activity toward <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> has not yet been researched extensively. The objective of this study was to investigate the antim...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/23/3900 |
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| author | Haoran Wang Yulu Li Zhuo Li Run Ma Xiangyang Bai Xiangjun Zhan Kunyao Luo Ruiying Su Xuejiao Li Xiaodong Xia Chao Shi |
| author_facet | Haoran Wang Yulu Li Zhuo Li Run Ma Xiangyang Bai Xiangjun Zhan Kunyao Luo Ruiying Su Xuejiao Li Xiaodong Xia Chao Shi |
| author_sort | Haoran Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Litsea cubeba</i> essential oil (LC-EO) has anti-insecticidal, antioxidant, and anticancer proper-ties; however, its antimicrobial activity toward <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> has not yet been researched extensively. The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of LC-EO toward <i>C. sakazakii</i>, along with the underlying mechanisms. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of LC-EO toward eight different <i>C. sakazakii</i> strains ranged from 1.5 to 4.0 μL/mL, and LC-EO exposure showed a longer lag phase and lower specific growth compared to untreated bacteria. LC-EO increased reactive oxygen species production, decreased the integrity of the cell membrane, caused cell membrane depolarization, and decreased the ATP concentration in the cell, showing that LC-EO caused cellular damage associated with membrane permeability. LC-EO induced morphological changes in the cells. LC-EO inhibited <i>C. sakazakii</i> in reconstituted infant milk formula at 50 °C, and showed effective inactivation of <i>C. sakazakii</i> biofilms on stainless steel surfaces. Confocal laser scanning and attenuated total reflection–Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry indicated that the biofilms were disrupted by LC-EO. These findings suggest a potential for applying LC-EO in the prevention and control of <i>C. sakazakii</i> in the dairy industry as a natural antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:47:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0cc49b6575d84853b2e8d8b2120285c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:47:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-0cc49b6575d84853b2e8d8b2120285c52023-11-24T11:00:28ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-12-011123390010.3390/foods11233900Inhibition of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> by <i>Litsea cubeba</i> Essential Oil and the Antibacterial MechanismHaoran Wang0Yulu Li1Zhuo Li2Run Ma3Xiangyang Bai4Xiangjun Zhan5Kunyao Luo6Ruiying Su7Xuejiao Li8Xiaodong Xia9Chao Shi10College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116304, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China<i>Litsea cubeba</i> essential oil (LC-EO) has anti-insecticidal, antioxidant, and anticancer proper-ties; however, its antimicrobial activity toward <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> has not yet been researched extensively. The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of LC-EO toward <i>C. sakazakii</i>, along with the underlying mechanisms. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of LC-EO toward eight different <i>C. sakazakii</i> strains ranged from 1.5 to 4.0 μL/mL, and LC-EO exposure showed a longer lag phase and lower specific growth compared to untreated bacteria. LC-EO increased reactive oxygen species production, decreased the integrity of the cell membrane, caused cell membrane depolarization, and decreased the ATP concentration in the cell, showing that LC-EO caused cellular damage associated with membrane permeability. LC-EO induced morphological changes in the cells. LC-EO inhibited <i>C. sakazakii</i> in reconstituted infant milk formula at 50 °C, and showed effective inactivation of <i>C. sakazakii</i> biofilms on stainless steel surfaces. Confocal laser scanning and attenuated total reflection–Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry indicated that the biofilms were disrupted by LC-EO. These findings suggest a potential for applying LC-EO in the prevention and control of <i>C. sakazakii</i> in the dairy industry as a natural antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/23/3900antimicrobial activity<i>Litsea cubeba</i> essential oil<i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i>biofilmconfocal laser scanning microscopy |
| spellingShingle | Haoran Wang Yulu Li Zhuo Li Run Ma Xiangyang Bai Xiangjun Zhan Kunyao Luo Ruiying Su Xuejiao Li Xiaodong Xia Chao Shi Inhibition of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> by <i>Litsea cubeba</i> Essential Oil and the Antibacterial Mechanism Foods antimicrobial activity <i>Litsea cubeba</i> essential oil <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> biofilm confocal laser scanning microscopy |
| title | Inhibition of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> by <i>Litsea cubeba</i> Essential Oil and the Antibacterial Mechanism |
| title_full | Inhibition of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> by <i>Litsea cubeba</i> Essential Oil and the Antibacterial Mechanism |
| title_fullStr | Inhibition of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> by <i>Litsea cubeba</i> Essential Oil and the Antibacterial Mechanism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibition of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> by <i>Litsea cubeba</i> Essential Oil and the Antibacterial Mechanism |
| title_short | Inhibition of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> by <i>Litsea cubeba</i> Essential Oil and the Antibacterial Mechanism |
| title_sort | inhibition of i cronobacter sakazakii i by i litsea cubeba i essential oil and the antibacterial mechanism |
| topic | antimicrobial activity <i>Litsea cubeba</i> essential oil <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> biofilm confocal laser scanning microscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/23/3900 |
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