Effects of Co Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of Elastic Cu-Ni-Si-Based Alloys for Electrical Connectors
The properties and microstructure evolution of quaternary Cu-Ni-Co-Si alloys with different Ni/Co mass ratios were investigated. The microstructure and morphological characteristics of the precipitates were analyzed by using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (...
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| author | Zheng Wang Jiang Li Zhuangzhuang Fan Yi Zhang Songxiao Hui Lijun Peng Guojie Huang Haofeng Xie Xujun Mi |
| author_facet | Zheng Wang Jiang Li Zhuangzhuang Fan Yi Zhang Songxiao Hui Lijun Peng Guojie Huang Haofeng Xie Xujun Mi |
| author_sort | Zheng Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The properties and microstructure evolution of quaternary Cu-Ni-Co-Si alloys with different Ni/Co mass ratios were investigated. The microstructure and morphological characteristics of the precipitates were analyzed by using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The mechanical properties and conductivity of the alloys were significantly improved after the addition of Co. The grains presented an obvious growth trend with an increase in Ni/Co mass ratios, and the appropriate Co accelerated the recrystallization process. The δ-(Ni, Co)<sub>2</sub>Si phases of the Cu-Ni-Co-Si alloys and δ-Ni<sub>2</sub>Si phases of the Cu-Ni-Si alloys shared the same crystal structure and orientation relationships with the matrix, which had two variant forms: δ<sub>1</sub> and δ<sub>2</sub> phases. The precipitates preferential grew along with the direction of the lowest energy and eventually exhibited two different morphologies. Compared with that of the Cu-Ni-Si alloy, the volume fraction of precipitates in the alloys with Co was significantly improved, accompanied by an increase in the precipitated phase size. The addition of Co promoted the precipitation of the precipitated phase and further purified the matrix. A theoretical calculation was conducted for different strengthening mechanisms, and precipitation strengthening was the key reinforcement mechanism. Moreover, the kinetic equations of both alloys were obtained and coincided well with the experimental results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:16:03Z |
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| id | doaj.art-0cc97e942d51433097bb4a8a6a843c97 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:16:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0cc97e942d51433097bb4a8a6a843c972023-11-21T15:49:54ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-04-01148199610.3390/ma14081996Effects of Co Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of Elastic Cu-Ni-Si-Based Alloys for Electrical ConnectorsZheng Wang0Jiang Li1Zhuangzhuang Fan2Yi Zhang3Songxiao Hui4Lijun Peng5Guojie Huang6Haofeng Xie7Xujun Mi8State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, GRIMAT Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, ChinaChina Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, ChinaChina Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, ChinaChina Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, GRIMAT Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, GRIMAT Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, GRIMAT Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, GRIMAT Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, GRIMAT Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, ChinaThe properties and microstructure evolution of quaternary Cu-Ni-Co-Si alloys with different Ni/Co mass ratios were investigated. The microstructure and morphological characteristics of the precipitates were analyzed by using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The mechanical properties and conductivity of the alloys were significantly improved after the addition of Co. The grains presented an obvious growth trend with an increase in Ni/Co mass ratios, and the appropriate Co accelerated the recrystallization process. The δ-(Ni, Co)<sub>2</sub>Si phases of the Cu-Ni-Co-Si alloys and δ-Ni<sub>2</sub>Si phases of the Cu-Ni-Si alloys shared the same crystal structure and orientation relationships with the matrix, which had two variant forms: δ<sub>1</sub> and δ<sub>2</sub> phases. The precipitates preferential grew along with the direction of the lowest energy and eventually exhibited two different morphologies. Compared with that of the Cu-Ni-Si alloy, the volume fraction of precipitates in the alloys with Co was significantly improved, accompanied by an increase in the precipitated phase size. The addition of Co promoted the precipitation of the precipitated phase and further purified the matrix. A theoretical calculation was conducted for different strengthening mechanisms, and precipitation strengthening was the key reinforcement mechanism. Moreover, the kinetic equations of both alloys were obtained and coincided well with the experimental results.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/8/1996Cu-Ni-Si-based alloysNi/Co mass ratiomicrostructurestrengthening mechanismkinetic equation |
| spellingShingle | Zheng Wang Jiang Li Zhuangzhuang Fan Yi Zhang Songxiao Hui Lijun Peng Guojie Huang Haofeng Xie Xujun Mi Effects of Co Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of Elastic Cu-Ni-Si-Based Alloys for Electrical Connectors Materials Cu-Ni-Si-based alloys Ni/Co mass ratio microstructure strengthening mechanism kinetic equation |
| title | Effects of Co Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of Elastic Cu-Ni-Si-Based Alloys for Electrical Connectors |
| title_full | Effects of Co Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of Elastic Cu-Ni-Si-Based Alloys for Electrical Connectors |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Co Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of Elastic Cu-Ni-Si-Based Alloys for Electrical Connectors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Co Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of Elastic Cu-Ni-Si-Based Alloys for Electrical Connectors |
| title_short | Effects of Co Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of Elastic Cu-Ni-Si-Based Alloys for Electrical Connectors |
| title_sort | effects of co addition on the microstructure and properties of elastic cu ni si based alloys for electrical connectors |
| topic | Cu-Ni-Si-based alloys Ni/Co mass ratio microstructure strengthening mechanism kinetic equation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/8/1996 |
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