Autonomous-Strengthening Adhesive Provides Hydrolysis-Resistance and Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Wet Conditions
The low-viscosity adhesive that is used to bond composite restorative materials to the tooth is readily damaged by acids, enzymes, and oral fluids. Bacteria infiltrate the resulting gaps at the composite/tooth interface, demineralize the tooth, and further erode the adhesive. This paper presents the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5505 |
| _version_ | 1797494158198308864 |
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| author | Mohammadamin Ezazi Qiang Ye Anil Misra Candan Tamerler Paulette Spencer |
| author_facet | Mohammadamin Ezazi Qiang Ye Anil Misra Candan Tamerler Paulette Spencer |
| author_sort | Mohammadamin Ezazi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The low-viscosity adhesive that is used to bond composite restorative materials to the tooth is readily damaged by acids, enzymes, and oral fluids. Bacteria infiltrate the resulting gaps at the composite/tooth interface, demineralize the tooth, and further erode the adhesive. This paper presents the preparation and characterization of a low-crosslink-density hydrophilic adhesive that capitalizes on sol-gel reactions and free-radical polymerization to resist hydrolysis and provide enhanced mechanical properties in wet environments. Polymerization behavior, water sorption, and leachates were investigated. Dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) were conducted using water-saturated adhesives to mimic load transfer in wet conditions. Data from all tests were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests (α = 0.05). The degree of conversion was comparable for experimental and control adhesives at 88.3 and 84.3%, respectively. HEMA leachate was significantly lower for the experimental (2.9 wt%) compared to control (7.2 wt%). After 3 days of aqueous aging, the storage and rubbery moduli and the glass transition temperature of the experimental adhesive (57.5MPa, 12.8MPa, and 38.7 °C, respectively) were significantly higher than control (7.4MPa, 4.3 MPa, and 25.9 °C, respectively). The results indicated that the autonomic sol-gel reaction continues in the wet environment, leading to intrinsic reinforcement of the polymer network, improved hydrolytic stability, and enhanced mechanical properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:30:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0cdb12afaca24104ad3415bc35209792 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:30:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-0cdb12afaca24104ad3415bc352097922023-11-23T13:43:09ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-08-012717550510.3390/molecules27175505Autonomous-Strengthening Adhesive Provides Hydrolysis-Resistance and Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Wet ConditionsMohammadamin Ezazi0Qiang Ye1Anil Misra2Candan Tamerler3Paulette Spencer4Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USAInstitute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USAInstitute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USAInstitute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USAInstitute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USAThe low-viscosity adhesive that is used to bond composite restorative materials to the tooth is readily damaged by acids, enzymes, and oral fluids. Bacteria infiltrate the resulting gaps at the composite/tooth interface, demineralize the tooth, and further erode the adhesive. This paper presents the preparation and characterization of a low-crosslink-density hydrophilic adhesive that capitalizes on sol-gel reactions and free-radical polymerization to resist hydrolysis and provide enhanced mechanical properties in wet environments. Polymerization behavior, water sorption, and leachates were investigated. Dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) were conducted using water-saturated adhesives to mimic load transfer in wet conditions. Data from all tests were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests (α = 0.05). The degree of conversion was comparable for experimental and control adhesives at 88.3 and 84.3%, respectively. HEMA leachate was significantly lower for the experimental (2.9 wt%) compared to control (7.2 wt%). After 3 days of aqueous aging, the storage and rubbery moduli and the glass transition temperature of the experimental adhesive (57.5MPa, 12.8MPa, and 38.7 °C, respectively) were significantly higher than control (7.4MPa, 4.3 MPa, and 25.9 °C, respectively). The results indicated that the autonomic sol-gel reaction continues in the wet environment, leading to intrinsic reinforcement of the polymer network, improved hydrolytic stability, and enhanced mechanical properties.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5505dental adhesivesol-gel reactionself-strengtheninghydrolytic degradationdynamic mechanical analyses |
| spellingShingle | Mohammadamin Ezazi Qiang Ye Anil Misra Candan Tamerler Paulette Spencer Autonomous-Strengthening Adhesive Provides Hydrolysis-Resistance and Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Wet Conditions Molecules dental adhesive sol-gel reaction self-strengthening hydrolytic degradation dynamic mechanical analyses |
| title | Autonomous-Strengthening Adhesive Provides Hydrolysis-Resistance and Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Wet Conditions |
| title_full | Autonomous-Strengthening Adhesive Provides Hydrolysis-Resistance and Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Wet Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Autonomous-Strengthening Adhesive Provides Hydrolysis-Resistance and Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Wet Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autonomous-Strengthening Adhesive Provides Hydrolysis-Resistance and Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Wet Conditions |
| title_short | Autonomous-Strengthening Adhesive Provides Hydrolysis-Resistance and Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Wet Conditions |
| title_sort | autonomous strengthening adhesive provides hydrolysis resistance and enhanced mechanical properties in wet conditions |
| topic | dental adhesive sol-gel reaction self-strengthening hydrolytic degradation dynamic mechanical analyses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5505 |
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