Effect of the Rare Earth Oxide CeO<sub>2</sub> on the Microstructure and Properties of the Nano-WC-Reinforced Ni-Based Composite Coating
In this study, the addition of the rare earth oxide CeO<sub>2</sub> was investigated to alter the microstructural properties of the nano-WC-reinforced Ni-based composite coatings. The reinforced composite was prepared on the 42CrMo steel surface using a semiconductor laser. The morpholog...
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/3/383 |
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| author | Da Shu Xiangxiang Cui Zhuguo Li Jichao Sun Jianbing Wang Xu Chen Sichao Dai Wudong Si |
| author_facet | Da Shu Xiangxiang Cui Zhuguo Li Jichao Sun Jianbing Wang Xu Chen Sichao Dai Wudong Si |
| author_sort | Da Shu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the addition of the rare earth oxide CeO<sub>2</sub> was investigated to alter the microstructural properties of the nano-WC-reinforced Ni-based composite coatings. The reinforced composite was prepared on the 42CrMo steel surface using a semiconductor laser. The morphology and microstructure of coatings were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Further, the digital microhardness tester and high-temperature friction and wear tester were used to observe the mechanical properties. The results indicated that the addition of CeO<sub>2</sub> eliminated the cracks from the surface of the coatings and effectively reduced the number of pores. The phases were mainly observed as <i>γ</i>-Ni(Fe) in a solid solution, and some residual WC and W<sub>2</sub>C phases were observed. In addition, Fe<sub>3</sub>C, Cr<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub>, M<sub>6</sub>C (M = W, Fe, and Ni), SiC and Cr<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> composite carbides, Si<sub>2</sub>W and NiW tungsten compounds, and CeFe<sub>2</sub>- and CeNi<sub>2</sub>-containing Ce complex compounds were formed on the coating. The rare earth oxide CeO<sub>2</sub> composite-modified coating mainly comprised dendrites, crystal cells, strips, and massive microstructures. The reinforced phases of the modified coating presented uniform dispersion distribution with the addition of 1% CeO<sub>2</sub>, and the structures were significantly refined. The maximum microhardness of the modified coating was approximately 1560 HV<sub>0.2</sub>, which was approximately 20% higher than that of the unmodified composite coating. The minimum wear loss of the modified coating was 6.1 mg and the minimum frictional coefficient was approximately 0.23, which were better than those of the unmodified coating. The wear mechanism of the nano-WC-reinforced Ni-based coating was primarily adhesive, whereas that of the CeO<sub>2</sub> composite modified coating was mainly abrasive particle wear, which accompanied adhesive wear. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0ce6284d5e5b48ccab574dd72370cd692022-12-21T23:53:59ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012020-03-0110338310.3390/met10030383met10030383Effect of the Rare Earth Oxide CeO<sub>2</sub> on the Microstructure and Properties of the Nano-WC-Reinforced Ni-Based Composite CoatingDa Shu0Xiangxiang Cui1Zhuguo Li2Jichao Sun3Jianbing Wang4Xu Chen5Sichao Dai6Wudong Si7School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaIn this study, the addition of the rare earth oxide CeO<sub>2</sub> was investigated to alter the microstructural properties of the nano-WC-reinforced Ni-based composite coatings. The reinforced composite was prepared on the 42CrMo steel surface using a semiconductor laser. The morphology and microstructure of coatings were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Further, the digital microhardness tester and high-temperature friction and wear tester were used to observe the mechanical properties. The results indicated that the addition of CeO<sub>2</sub> eliminated the cracks from the surface of the coatings and effectively reduced the number of pores. The phases were mainly observed as <i>γ</i>-Ni(Fe) in a solid solution, and some residual WC and W<sub>2</sub>C phases were observed. In addition, Fe<sub>3</sub>C, Cr<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub>, M<sub>6</sub>C (M = W, Fe, and Ni), SiC and Cr<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> composite carbides, Si<sub>2</sub>W and NiW tungsten compounds, and CeFe<sub>2</sub>- and CeNi<sub>2</sub>-containing Ce complex compounds were formed on the coating. The rare earth oxide CeO<sub>2</sub> composite-modified coating mainly comprised dendrites, crystal cells, strips, and massive microstructures. The reinforced phases of the modified coating presented uniform dispersion distribution with the addition of 1% CeO<sub>2</sub>, and the structures were significantly refined. The maximum microhardness of the modified coating was approximately 1560 HV<sub>0.2</sub>, which was approximately 20% higher than that of the unmodified composite coating. The minimum wear loss of the modified coating was 6.1 mg and the minimum frictional coefficient was approximately 0.23, which were better than those of the unmodified coating. The wear mechanism of the nano-WC-reinforced Ni-based coating was primarily adhesive, whereas that of the CeO<sub>2</sub> composite modified coating was mainly abrasive particle wear, which accompanied adhesive wear.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/3/383laser claddingrare earth modificationmicrostructuremechanical propertieswear |
| spellingShingle | Da Shu Xiangxiang Cui Zhuguo Li Jichao Sun Jianbing Wang Xu Chen Sichao Dai Wudong Si Effect of the Rare Earth Oxide CeO<sub>2</sub> on the Microstructure and Properties of the Nano-WC-Reinforced Ni-Based Composite Coating Metals laser cladding rare earth modification microstructure mechanical properties wear |
| title | Effect of the Rare Earth Oxide CeO<sub>2</sub> on the Microstructure and Properties of the Nano-WC-Reinforced Ni-Based Composite Coating |
| title_full | Effect of the Rare Earth Oxide CeO<sub>2</sub> on the Microstructure and Properties of the Nano-WC-Reinforced Ni-Based Composite Coating |
| title_fullStr | Effect of the Rare Earth Oxide CeO<sub>2</sub> on the Microstructure and Properties of the Nano-WC-Reinforced Ni-Based Composite Coating |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of the Rare Earth Oxide CeO<sub>2</sub> on the Microstructure and Properties of the Nano-WC-Reinforced Ni-Based Composite Coating |
| title_short | Effect of the Rare Earth Oxide CeO<sub>2</sub> on the Microstructure and Properties of the Nano-WC-Reinforced Ni-Based Composite Coating |
| title_sort | effect of the rare earth oxide ceo sub 2 sub on the microstructure and properties of the nano wc reinforced ni based composite coating |
| topic | laser cladding rare earth modification microstructure mechanical properties wear |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/3/383 |
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