Optimization of the mechanical properties of polyester/coconut shell ash (CSA) composite for light-weight engineering applications
Abstract The mechanical properties of coconut shell ash (CSA) reinforced polyester composite have been optimized. Various test specimens were developed by dispersing 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%, of CSA in unsaturated polyester resin in decreasing particle sizes of 40, 30, and 20 µm in an open mould using...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26632-x |
| _version_ | 1828056836673110016 |
|---|---|
| author | O. O. Daramola A. A. Akinwande A. A. Adediran O. A. Balogun J. L. Olajide K. J. Adedoyin B. O. Adewuyi T. C. Jen |
| author_facet | O. O. Daramola A. A. Akinwande A. A. Adediran O. A. Balogun J. L. Olajide K. J. Adedoyin B. O. Adewuyi T. C. Jen |
| author_sort | O. O. Daramola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The mechanical properties of coconut shell ash (CSA) reinforced polyester composite have been optimized. Various test specimens were developed by dispersing 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%, of CSA in unsaturated polyester resin in decreasing particle sizes of 40, 30, and 20 µm in an open mould using hand lay-up technique. Tensile, flexural, and impact strengths, as well as tensile and flexural moduli and Shore D hardness of all test samples were determined. The results showed that 10–20 wt.% CSA increased tensile, flexural, impact strengths and flexural modulus for all particle sizes, but 30–40 wt. % CSA engendered depreciation in corresponding performance. For all particle sizes, 10–40 wt. percent CSA resulted in an increase in tensile strength, whereas 10–40 wt. percent resulted into a linear increase in Shore D hardness. Further observation portrayed that in each case, the finest CSA (20 µm) have the optimum result. Statistical analysis carried out on experimental outcomes confirmed the experimental variables (particle proportion and sizes) to be significant. From the surface plot, the strength responses revealed more dependence on the individual variables than their interactions. Regression models developed for individual responses are termed statistically fit in representing the experimental data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:01:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0cf2948a69764488adfef5403dff07ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:01:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-0cf2948a69764488adfef5403dff07ac2023-01-22T12:13:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-01-0113111610.1038/s41598-022-26632-xOptimization of the mechanical properties of polyester/coconut shell ash (CSA) composite for light-weight engineering applicationsO. O. Daramola0A. A. Akinwande1A. A. Adediran2O. A. Balogun3J. L. Olajide4K. J. Adedoyin5B. O. Adewuyi6T. C. Jen7Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of TechnologyDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Landmark UniversityDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Tshwane University of TechnologyDepartment of Nuclear Safety, Physical Security and Safeguards, Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory AuthorityDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of JohannesburgAbstract The mechanical properties of coconut shell ash (CSA) reinforced polyester composite have been optimized. Various test specimens were developed by dispersing 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%, of CSA in unsaturated polyester resin in decreasing particle sizes of 40, 30, and 20 µm in an open mould using hand lay-up technique. Tensile, flexural, and impact strengths, as well as tensile and flexural moduli and Shore D hardness of all test samples were determined. The results showed that 10–20 wt.% CSA increased tensile, flexural, impact strengths and flexural modulus for all particle sizes, but 30–40 wt. % CSA engendered depreciation in corresponding performance. For all particle sizes, 10–40 wt. percent CSA resulted in an increase in tensile strength, whereas 10–40 wt. percent resulted into a linear increase in Shore D hardness. Further observation portrayed that in each case, the finest CSA (20 µm) have the optimum result. Statistical analysis carried out on experimental outcomes confirmed the experimental variables (particle proportion and sizes) to be significant. From the surface plot, the strength responses revealed more dependence on the individual variables than their interactions. Regression models developed for individual responses are termed statistically fit in representing the experimental data.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26632-x |
| spellingShingle | O. O. Daramola A. A. Akinwande A. A. Adediran O. A. Balogun J. L. Olajide K. J. Adedoyin B. O. Adewuyi T. C. Jen Optimization of the mechanical properties of polyester/coconut shell ash (CSA) composite for light-weight engineering applications Scientific Reports |
| title | Optimization of the mechanical properties of polyester/coconut shell ash (CSA) composite for light-weight engineering applications |
| title_full | Optimization of the mechanical properties of polyester/coconut shell ash (CSA) composite for light-weight engineering applications |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of the mechanical properties of polyester/coconut shell ash (CSA) composite for light-weight engineering applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of the mechanical properties of polyester/coconut shell ash (CSA) composite for light-weight engineering applications |
| title_short | Optimization of the mechanical properties of polyester/coconut shell ash (CSA) composite for light-weight engineering applications |
| title_sort | optimization of the mechanical properties of polyester coconut shell ash csa composite for light weight engineering applications |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26632-x |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oodaramola optimizationofthemechanicalpropertiesofpolyestercoconutshellashcsacompositeforlightweightengineeringapplications AT aaakinwande optimizationofthemechanicalpropertiesofpolyestercoconutshellashcsacompositeforlightweightengineeringapplications AT aaadediran optimizationofthemechanicalpropertiesofpolyestercoconutshellashcsacompositeforlightweightengineeringapplications AT oabalogun optimizationofthemechanicalpropertiesofpolyestercoconutshellashcsacompositeforlightweightengineeringapplications AT jlolajide optimizationofthemechanicalpropertiesofpolyestercoconutshellashcsacompositeforlightweightengineeringapplications AT kjadedoyin optimizationofthemechanicalpropertiesofpolyestercoconutshellashcsacompositeforlightweightengineeringapplications AT boadewuyi optimizationofthemechanicalpropertiesofpolyestercoconutshellashcsacompositeforlightweightengineeringapplications AT tcjen optimizationofthemechanicalpropertiesofpolyestercoconutshellashcsacompositeforlightweightengineeringapplications |