Magnetic and Electrical Properties of CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles
CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were obtained by the high-energy ball milling of CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> single crystals, which had a size of approximately 32 nm after 5 h of milling. Structural, magnetic, and electrical studies hav...
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2023-12-01
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| author | Ewa Malicka Tadeusz Groń Adrian Gudwański Bogdan Sawicki Monika Oboz Małgorzata Karolus Zenon Kukuła |
| author_facet | Ewa Malicka Tadeusz Groń Adrian Gudwański Bogdan Sawicki Monika Oboz Małgorzata Karolus Zenon Kukuła |
| author_sort | Ewa Malicka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were obtained by the high-energy ball milling of CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> single crystals, which had a size of approximately 32 nm after 5 h of milling. Structural, magnetic, and electrical studies have shown that a reduction in CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> single crystals to the nanosize leads to (1) a weakening of ferromagnetic interactions, both long and short range, (2) a lack of saturation of magnetization at 5 K and 70 kOe, (3) a change in the nature of electrical conductivity from metallic to semiconductor, and (4) a reduction in the thermoelectric power factor S<sup>2</sup>σ by an order of magnitude of 400 K. The above results were considered in terms of the parameters of the band model, derived from the high-temperature expansion of magnetic susceptibility and from the diffusive component of thermoelectric power. Theoretical calculations showed a significant weakening of both the superexchange and double exchange mechanisms, a reduction in the [Cr<sup>3+</sup>,Cr<sup>4+</sup>] band width from 0.76 to 0.19 eV, and comparable values of the Fermi energy and the activation energy (0.46 eV) in the intrinsic region of electrical conductivity. The main advantage of high-energy ball milling is the ability to modify the physicochemical properties of already existing compounds for desired applications. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:46:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0d1c2851f27c4d5da00d8d0b347ea4762023-12-08T15:21:29ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-12-011623749510.3390/ma16237495Magnetic and Electrical Properties of CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> NanoparticlesEwa Malicka0Tadeusz Groń1Adrian Gudwański2Bogdan Sawicki3Monika Oboz4Małgorzata Karolus5Zenon Kukuła6Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, PolandInstitute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, PolandInstitute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, PolandInstitute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, PolandInstitute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, PolandInstitute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, PolandInstitute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, PolandCuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were obtained by the high-energy ball milling of CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> single crystals, which had a size of approximately 32 nm after 5 h of milling. Structural, magnetic, and electrical studies have shown that a reduction in CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> single crystals to the nanosize leads to (1) a weakening of ferromagnetic interactions, both long and short range, (2) a lack of saturation of magnetization at 5 K and 70 kOe, (3) a change in the nature of electrical conductivity from metallic to semiconductor, and (4) a reduction in the thermoelectric power factor S<sup>2</sup>σ by an order of magnitude of 400 K. The above results were considered in terms of the parameters of the band model, derived from the high-temperature expansion of magnetic susceptibility and from the diffusive component of thermoelectric power. Theoretical calculations showed a significant weakening of both the superexchange and double exchange mechanisms, a reduction in the [Cr<sup>3+</sup>,Cr<sup>4+</sup>] band width from 0.76 to 0.19 eV, and comparable values of the Fermi energy and the activation energy (0.46 eV) in the intrinsic region of electrical conductivity. The main advantage of high-energy ball milling is the ability to modify the physicochemical properties of already existing compounds for desired applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/23/7495high-energy ball millingnanoparticlesmagnetic measurementselectrical properties |
| spellingShingle | Ewa Malicka Tadeusz Groń Adrian Gudwański Bogdan Sawicki Monika Oboz Małgorzata Karolus Zenon Kukuła Magnetic and Electrical Properties of CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Materials high-energy ball milling nanoparticles magnetic measurements electrical properties |
| title | Magnetic and Electrical Properties of CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles |
| title_full | Magnetic and Electrical Properties of CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Magnetic and Electrical Properties of CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnetic and Electrical Properties of CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles |
| title_short | Magnetic and Electrical Properties of CuCr<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | magnetic and electrical properties of cucr sub 2 sub se sub 4 sub nanoparticles |
| topic | high-energy ball milling nanoparticles magnetic measurements electrical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/23/7495 |
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