Assessment of Bioaccessibility and Health Risks of Toxic Metals in Roadside Dust of Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Spatial variations in the bioaccessibility and health risks induced by chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) in roadside dust from different land-use areas, i.e., commercial areas (CA), planned residential areas (PRA), spontaneous...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
Series: | Atmosphere |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/3/488 |
_version_ | 1797472804261593088 |
---|---|
author | Md Humayun Kabir Qingyue Wang Md Harun Rashid Weiqian Wang Yugo Isobe |
author_facet | Md Humayun Kabir Qingyue Wang Md Harun Rashid Weiqian Wang Yugo Isobe |
author_sort | Md Humayun Kabir |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Spatial variations in the bioaccessibility and health risks induced by chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) in roadside dust from different land-use areas, i.e., commercial areas (CA), planned residential areas (PRA), spontaneous residential areas (SRA) and urban green areas (UGA) in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, were investigated. An in vitro simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET) method, which allows the simulation of the gastric (GP) and intestinal phases (IP) of human digestion, was applied to evaluate bioaccessibility and human health risk, assessed using United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) modelling. The average bioaccessible concentration of Zn was the highest in both the gastric (74.4–244.5 µg/g) and intestinal phases (74.4–244.5 µg/g) in all the land-use areas except UGA. The bioaccessibility percentages of Co and Cu in the IP phase and As in the GP phase were >40% for all the land-use categories. Carcinogenic (Cr, Ni, As and Pb) and non-carcinogenic human health risks were evaluated for the ingestion pathway, in both children and adults. The results suggest that there were no non-carcinogenic risks for adults and children exposed to roadside dust toxic metals, but the risk levels of roadside dust toxic metals in some sampling areas were high. The carcinogenic risks of Cr in SRA (for children) and Ni in CA (for both adults and children), PRA (for children) and UGA (for children) were found to be within a tolerable range of 10<sup>−6</sup> to 10<sup>−4</sup>. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:07:23Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-0d1def0af4df4558ba3937945e65d678 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2073-4433 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:07:23Z |
publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
record_format | Article |
series | Atmosphere |
spelling | doaj.art-0d1def0af4df4558ba3937945e65d6782023-11-24T00:27:43ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-03-0113348810.3390/atmos13030488Assessment of Bioaccessibility and Health Risks of Toxic Metals in Roadside Dust of Dhaka City, BangladeshMd Humayun Kabir0Qingyue Wang1Md Harun Rashid2Weiqian Wang3Yugo Isobe4Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, JapanGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, JapanDepartment of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, BangladeshGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, JapanCenter for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo 347-0115, JapanSpatial variations in the bioaccessibility and health risks induced by chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) in roadside dust from different land-use areas, i.e., commercial areas (CA), planned residential areas (PRA), spontaneous residential areas (SRA) and urban green areas (UGA) in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, were investigated. An in vitro simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET) method, which allows the simulation of the gastric (GP) and intestinal phases (IP) of human digestion, was applied to evaluate bioaccessibility and human health risk, assessed using United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) modelling. The average bioaccessible concentration of Zn was the highest in both the gastric (74.4–244.5 µg/g) and intestinal phases (74.4–244.5 µg/g) in all the land-use areas except UGA. The bioaccessibility percentages of Co and Cu in the IP phase and As in the GP phase were >40% for all the land-use categories. Carcinogenic (Cr, Ni, As and Pb) and non-carcinogenic human health risks were evaluated for the ingestion pathway, in both children and adults. The results suggest that there were no non-carcinogenic risks for adults and children exposed to roadside dust toxic metals, but the risk levels of roadside dust toxic metals in some sampling areas were high. The carcinogenic risks of Cr in SRA (for children) and Ni in CA (for both adults and children), PRA (for children) and UGA (for children) were found to be within a tolerable range of 10<sup>−6</sup> to 10<sup>−4</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/3/488roadside dusttoxic metalsbioaccessibilityhealth risk assessmentland use area |
spellingShingle | Md Humayun Kabir Qingyue Wang Md Harun Rashid Weiqian Wang Yugo Isobe Assessment of Bioaccessibility and Health Risks of Toxic Metals in Roadside Dust of Dhaka City, Bangladesh Atmosphere roadside dust toxic metals bioaccessibility health risk assessment land use area |
title | Assessment of Bioaccessibility and Health Risks of Toxic Metals in Roadside Dust of Dhaka City, Bangladesh |
title_full | Assessment of Bioaccessibility and Health Risks of Toxic Metals in Roadside Dust of Dhaka City, Bangladesh |
title_fullStr | Assessment of Bioaccessibility and Health Risks of Toxic Metals in Roadside Dust of Dhaka City, Bangladesh |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Bioaccessibility and Health Risks of Toxic Metals in Roadside Dust of Dhaka City, Bangladesh |
title_short | Assessment of Bioaccessibility and Health Risks of Toxic Metals in Roadside Dust of Dhaka City, Bangladesh |
title_sort | assessment of bioaccessibility and health risks of toxic metals in roadside dust of dhaka city bangladesh |
topic | roadside dust toxic metals bioaccessibility health risk assessment land use area |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/3/488 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT mdhumayunkabir assessmentofbioaccessibilityandhealthrisksoftoxicmetalsinroadsidedustofdhakacitybangladesh AT qingyuewang assessmentofbioaccessibilityandhealthrisksoftoxicmetalsinroadsidedustofdhakacitybangladesh AT mdharunrashid assessmentofbioaccessibilityandhealthrisksoftoxicmetalsinroadsidedustofdhakacitybangladesh AT weiqianwang assessmentofbioaccessibilityandhealthrisksoftoxicmetalsinroadsidedustofdhakacitybangladesh AT yugoisobe assessmentofbioaccessibilityandhealthrisksoftoxicmetalsinroadsidedustofdhakacitybangladesh |