Maximizing stroke recovery with advanced technologies: A comprehensive assessment of robot-assisted, EMG-Controlled robotics, virtual reality, and mirror therapy interventions
Inconvenience caused by stroke brings physical disability found in many people which restricts their daily life activities. Globally, it was predicted that the prevalence of stroke will rise to 21.9 % by 2030. To improve the sensory and motor recovery of the stroke survivors, they required high atte...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123023008526 |
| _version_ | 1797247716230692864 |
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| author | Faisal Amin Asim Waris Javaid Iqbal Syed Omer Gilani M. Zia Ur Rehman Shafaq Mushtaq Niaz Bahadur Khan M. Ijaz Khan Mohammed Jameel Nissren Tamam |
| author_facet | Faisal Amin Asim Waris Javaid Iqbal Syed Omer Gilani M. Zia Ur Rehman Shafaq Mushtaq Niaz Bahadur Khan M. Ijaz Khan Mohammed Jameel Nissren Tamam |
| author_sort | Faisal Amin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inconvenience caused by stroke brings physical disability found in many people which restricts their daily life activities. Globally, it was predicted that the prevalence of stroke will rise to 21.9 % by 2030. To improve the sensory and motor recovery of the stroke survivors, they required high attention for their controllability and adaptability. About 80 % of stroke victims have upper-limb motor deficits which affects their daily living activities. Due to technological advancement in rehabilitation engineering with new interventions, traditional physical therapy for stroke patients now translates into new rehabilitation strategies which help in fast recovery of motor tasks with intention motions. Electromyography (EMG) based stroke rehabilitation now being developed for enhancement and assessment of motion control in clinical settings. The integration of EMG-based intervention provides the feasibility to use the concept of myoelectric control with therapeutic settings. In this paper, the use of EMG-based robot aided therapy has been discussed and highlights the contribution of interventions for stroke rehabilitation. Furthermore, discussion also emphasis on virtual reality and mirror therapy and their latest interventions and approaches carried out by different investigators for the evaluations and assessment of stroke rehabilitation in lieu of considerations for improved functional motor task. The most widely used functional outcome measures for conducting clinical assessment of stroke patients in randomized control trials (RCTs) are Fugl-meyer assessment-upper extremity (FMA-UE), a score range from 0 to 66points, Fugl-meyer assessment for lower extremity (FMA-LE) has a score from 0 to 34 points, the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), a scale from 0 to 57 points, the Functional independence measure (FIM) has a scale of 18–126 points, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), a scale from 0 to 5 points and Box and block test (BBT). Furthermore, in most of the RCTs the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (95 % confidence interval). Moreover, future directions suggested that for real time autonomous detection of motion intentions, the EMG-based machine learning must be involved with robots, virtual reality and mirror therapy-based interventions to achieve 95 % accuracy that could leads to the development of intelligent rehabilitation interventions for stroke survivors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:22:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0d2121e7530e4de4a0e7fb0670b9986d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:03:07Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-0d2121e7530e4de4a0e7fb0670b9986d2024-03-24T07:00:22ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302024-03-0121101725Maximizing stroke recovery with advanced technologies: A comprehensive assessment of robot-assisted, EMG-Controlled robotics, virtual reality, and mirror therapy interventionsFaisal Amin0Asim Waris1Javaid Iqbal2Syed Omer Gilani3M. Zia Ur Rehman4Shafaq Mushtaq5Niaz Bahadur Khan6M. Ijaz Khan7Mohammed Jameel8Nissren Tamam9Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Riphah International University, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Riphah International University, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Emergency and Casualty, Pakistan Institute of Applied Sciences, Islamabad, PakistanMechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Bahrain, Isa Town, 32038, BahrainDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University I-14, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Kraytem, 1102-2801, Beirut, Lebanon; Corresponding author. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University I-14, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Asir, P. O. Box: 960, Abha, Postal Code: 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi ArabiaInconvenience caused by stroke brings physical disability found in many people which restricts their daily life activities. Globally, it was predicted that the prevalence of stroke will rise to 21.9 % by 2030. To improve the sensory and motor recovery of the stroke survivors, they required high attention for their controllability and adaptability. About 80 % of stroke victims have upper-limb motor deficits which affects their daily living activities. Due to technological advancement in rehabilitation engineering with new interventions, traditional physical therapy for stroke patients now translates into new rehabilitation strategies which help in fast recovery of motor tasks with intention motions. Electromyography (EMG) based stroke rehabilitation now being developed for enhancement and assessment of motion control in clinical settings. The integration of EMG-based intervention provides the feasibility to use the concept of myoelectric control with therapeutic settings. In this paper, the use of EMG-based robot aided therapy has been discussed and highlights the contribution of interventions for stroke rehabilitation. Furthermore, discussion also emphasis on virtual reality and mirror therapy and their latest interventions and approaches carried out by different investigators for the evaluations and assessment of stroke rehabilitation in lieu of considerations for improved functional motor task. The most widely used functional outcome measures for conducting clinical assessment of stroke patients in randomized control trials (RCTs) are Fugl-meyer assessment-upper extremity (FMA-UE), a score range from 0 to 66points, Fugl-meyer assessment for lower extremity (FMA-LE) has a score from 0 to 34 points, the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), a scale from 0 to 57 points, the Functional independence measure (FIM) has a scale of 18–126 points, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), a scale from 0 to 5 points and Box and block test (BBT). Furthermore, in most of the RCTs the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (95 % confidence interval). Moreover, future directions suggested that for real time autonomous detection of motion intentions, the EMG-based machine learning must be involved with robots, virtual reality and mirror therapy-based interventions to achieve 95 % accuracy that could leads to the development of intelligent rehabilitation interventions for stroke survivors.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123023008526Stroke rehabilitationRobot-assisted therapyEMG-Controlled roboticsVirtual reality interventionsEMG biofeedbackIntelligent rehabilitation interventions |
| spellingShingle | Faisal Amin Asim Waris Javaid Iqbal Syed Omer Gilani M. Zia Ur Rehman Shafaq Mushtaq Niaz Bahadur Khan M. Ijaz Khan Mohammed Jameel Nissren Tamam Maximizing stroke recovery with advanced technologies: A comprehensive assessment of robot-assisted, EMG-Controlled robotics, virtual reality, and mirror therapy interventions Results in Engineering Stroke rehabilitation Robot-assisted therapy EMG-Controlled robotics Virtual reality interventions EMG biofeedback Intelligent rehabilitation interventions |
| title | Maximizing stroke recovery with advanced technologies: A comprehensive assessment of robot-assisted, EMG-Controlled robotics, virtual reality, and mirror therapy interventions |
| title_full | Maximizing stroke recovery with advanced technologies: A comprehensive assessment of robot-assisted, EMG-Controlled robotics, virtual reality, and mirror therapy interventions |
| title_fullStr | Maximizing stroke recovery with advanced technologies: A comprehensive assessment of robot-assisted, EMG-Controlled robotics, virtual reality, and mirror therapy interventions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Maximizing stroke recovery with advanced technologies: A comprehensive assessment of robot-assisted, EMG-Controlled robotics, virtual reality, and mirror therapy interventions |
| title_short | Maximizing stroke recovery with advanced technologies: A comprehensive assessment of robot-assisted, EMG-Controlled robotics, virtual reality, and mirror therapy interventions |
| title_sort | maximizing stroke recovery with advanced technologies a comprehensive assessment of robot assisted emg controlled robotics virtual reality and mirror therapy interventions |
| topic | Stroke rehabilitation Robot-assisted therapy EMG-Controlled robotics Virtual reality interventions EMG biofeedback Intelligent rehabilitation interventions |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123023008526 |
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