Causal Relationships between Air Pollutant Exposure and Bone Mineral Density and the Risk of Bone Fractures: Evidence from a Two-Stage Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Causal Relationships between Air Pollutant Exposure and Bone Mineral Density and the Risk of Bone Fractures: Evidence from a Two-Stage Mendelian Randomization Analysis

A number of studies from the literature have suggested that exposure to air pollutants is associated with a declined bone mineral density (BMD), and increased risks of osteoporosis (OP) and bone fractures. This study was performed to systemically assess the genetically causal associations of air pol...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiao Hu, Yan Zhao, Tian He, Zhao-Xing Gao, Peng Zhang, Yang Fang, Man Ge, Yi-Qing Xu, Hai-Feng Pan, Peng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-12-01
Series:Toxics
Subjects:
air pollution
bone mineral density
osteoporosis
bone fractures
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/27

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