Virtual New Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Water Input, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Indicators for the Potatoes Consumed in China
Based on China’s potato staple food policy, we chose potatoes as a study case to analyze the following indicators—the virtual new nitrogen factor (VNNF), the virtual new phosphorus factor (VNPF), the virtual irrigation-water (IW) factor (VIWF), the virtual total water (IW + precipitation) factor (VT...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3169 |
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| author | Bing Gao Dongliang Zhong Xuejuan Fang Wei Huang Su Xu Shenghui Cui |
| author_facet | Bing Gao Dongliang Zhong Xuejuan Fang Wei Huang Su Xu Shenghui Cui |
| author_sort | Bing Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Based on China’s potato staple food policy, we chose potatoes as a study case to analyze the following indicators—the virtual new nitrogen factor (VNNF), the virtual new phosphorus factor (VNPF), the virtual irrigation-water (IW) factor (VIWF), the virtual total water (IW + precipitation) factor (VTWF), and the virtual greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factor (VCF) of the potatoes consumed by households in the six potato cultivation regions—by reviewing 220 publications from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that the VNNF ranged between 17.8 ± 7.8 and 30.1 ± 17.0 kg N kg<sup>−1</sup> N in the consumed potato, the VNPF ranged between 8.4 ± 5.0 and 18.8 ± 11.3 kg P kg<sup>−1</sup> P in the consumed potato, the VIWF ranged between 0.3 ± 1.0 and 1.8 ± 1.4 m<sup>3</sup> IW kg<sup>−1</sup> for the consumed standard yield (except in the three mainly rainfed potato regions), the VTWF ranged between 4.8 ± 2.2 and 9.3 ± 3.7 m<sup>3</sup> total water kg<sup>−1</sup> for the consumed standard yield, and the VCF ranged between 3.4 ± 1.5 and 5.9 ± 2.4 kg CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent kg<sup>−1</sup> for the consumed standard yield, under the conventional practice in the six potato cultivation regions. The normalization score results indicate that the northeast, northwest, southwest, and south of China are relatively more suitable regions in which to plant potatoes, based on the VNNF, VNPF, VIWF or VTWF, and VCF indicators. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:39Z |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-0d2adea741ae4a2f96375c1b4b5393cc2023-11-24T12:47:40ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-12-011212316910.3390/agronomy12123169Virtual New Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Water Input, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Indicators for the Potatoes Consumed in ChinaBing Gao0Dongliang Zhong1Xuejuan Fang2Wei Huang3Su Xu4Shenghui Cui5Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaKey Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaKey Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaKey Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaKey Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaKey Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaBased on China’s potato staple food policy, we chose potatoes as a study case to analyze the following indicators—the virtual new nitrogen factor (VNNF), the virtual new phosphorus factor (VNPF), the virtual irrigation-water (IW) factor (VIWF), the virtual total water (IW + precipitation) factor (VTWF), and the virtual greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factor (VCF) of the potatoes consumed by households in the six potato cultivation regions—by reviewing 220 publications from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that the VNNF ranged between 17.8 ± 7.8 and 30.1 ± 17.0 kg N kg<sup>−1</sup> N in the consumed potato, the VNPF ranged between 8.4 ± 5.0 and 18.8 ± 11.3 kg P kg<sup>−1</sup> P in the consumed potato, the VIWF ranged between 0.3 ± 1.0 and 1.8 ± 1.4 m<sup>3</sup> IW kg<sup>−1</sup> for the consumed standard yield (except in the three mainly rainfed potato regions), the VTWF ranged between 4.8 ± 2.2 and 9.3 ± 3.7 m<sup>3</sup> total water kg<sup>−1</sup> for the consumed standard yield, and the VCF ranged between 3.4 ± 1.5 and 5.9 ± 2.4 kg CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent kg<sup>−1</sup> for the consumed standard yield, under the conventional practice in the six potato cultivation regions. The normalization score results indicate that the northeast, northwest, southwest, and south of China are relatively more suitable regions in which to plant potatoes, based on the VNNF, VNPF, VIWF or VTWF, and VCF indicators.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3169virtual resource inputenvironmental costsnormalization scoreagricultural regionalizationpotatoes |
| spellingShingle | Bing Gao Dongliang Zhong Xuejuan Fang Wei Huang Su Xu Shenghui Cui Virtual New Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Water Input, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Indicators for the Potatoes Consumed in China Agronomy virtual resource input environmental costs normalization score agricultural regionalization potatoes |
| title | Virtual New Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Water Input, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Indicators for the Potatoes Consumed in China |
| title_full | Virtual New Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Water Input, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Indicators for the Potatoes Consumed in China |
| title_fullStr | Virtual New Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Water Input, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Indicators for the Potatoes Consumed in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virtual New Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Water Input, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Indicators for the Potatoes Consumed in China |
| title_short | Virtual New Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Water Input, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Indicators for the Potatoes Consumed in China |
| title_sort | virtual new nitrogen phosphorus water input and greenhouse gas emission indicators for the potatoes consumed in china |
| topic | virtual resource input environmental costs normalization score agricultural regionalization potatoes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3169 |
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