Genetic Variability and Evidence of a New Subgroup in Watermelon Mosaic Virus Isolates
Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) is one of the important <i>Potyviruses</i> that infect cucurbits worldwide. To better understand the population structure of WMV in the United States (U.S.), 57 isolates were collected from cucurbit fields located in nine southern states. The complete coat p...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/10/1245 |
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| author | Osama A. Abdalla Akhtar Ali |
| author_facet | Osama A. Abdalla Akhtar Ali |
| author_sort | Osama A. Abdalla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) is one of the important <i>Potyviruses</i> that infect cucurbits worldwide. To better understand the population structure of WMV in the United States (U.S.), 57 isolates were collected from cucurbit fields located in nine southern states. The complete coat protein gene of all WMV isolates was cloned, sequenced and compared with 89 reported WMV isolates. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities among the U.S. WMV isolates ranged from 88.9 to 99.7% and from 91.5 to 100%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the U.S. WMV isolates irrespective of their geographic origin or hosts belonged to Group 3. However, the fifty-seven isolates made three clusters in G3, where two clusters were similar to previously reported subgroups EM1 and EM2, and the third cluster, containing nine WMV isolates, formed a distinct subgroup named EM5 in this study. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution was low indicating the occurrence of negative purifying selection in the CP gene of WMV. Phylogenetic analysis of selected 37 complete genome sequences of WMV isolates also supported the above major grouping. Recombination analysis in the CP genes confirmed various recombinant events, indicating that purifying selection and recombination are the two dominant forces for the evolution of WMV isolates in the U.S. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:16:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0d2bcafc928347ceb8bbb817cc0cc562 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:16:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0d2bcafc928347ceb8bbb817cc0cc5622023-11-22T19:32:54ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-09-011010124510.3390/pathogens10101245Genetic Variability and Evidence of a New Subgroup in Watermelon Mosaic Virus IsolatesOsama A. Abdalla0Akhtar Ali1Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USADepartment of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USAWatermelon mosaic virus (WMV) is one of the important <i>Potyviruses</i> that infect cucurbits worldwide. To better understand the population structure of WMV in the United States (U.S.), 57 isolates were collected from cucurbit fields located in nine southern states. The complete coat protein gene of all WMV isolates was cloned, sequenced and compared with 89 reported WMV isolates. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities among the U.S. WMV isolates ranged from 88.9 to 99.7% and from 91.5 to 100%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the U.S. WMV isolates irrespective of their geographic origin or hosts belonged to Group 3. However, the fifty-seven isolates made three clusters in G3, where two clusters were similar to previously reported subgroups EM1 and EM2, and the third cluster, containing nine WMV isolates, formed a distinct subgroup named EM5 in this study. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution was low indicating the occurrence of negative purifying selection in the CP gene of WMV. Phylogenetic analysis of selected 37 complete genome sequences of WMV isolates also supported the above major grouping. Recombination analysis in the CP genes confirmed various recombinant events, indicating that purifying selection and recombination are the two dominant forces for the evolution of WMV isolates in the U.S.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/10/1245negative selection pressurerecombinationcoat protein |
| spellingShingle | Osama A. Abdalla Akhtar Ali Genetic Variability and Evidence of a New Subgroup in Watermelon Mosaic Virus Isolates Pathogens negative selection pressure recombination coat protein |
| title | Genetic Variability and Evidence of a New Subgroup in Watermelon Mosaic Virus Isolates |
| title_full | Genetic Variability and Evidence of a New Subgroup in Watermelon Mosaic Virus Isolates |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Variability and Evidence of a New Subgroup in Watermelon Mosaic Virus Isolates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Variability and Evidence of a New Subgroup in Watermelon Mosaic Virus Isolates |
| title_short | Genetic Variability and Evidence of a New Subgroup in Watermelon Mosaic Virus Isolates |
| title_sort | genetic variability and evidence of a new subgroup in watermelon mosaic virus isolates |
| topic | negative selection pressure recombination coat protein |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/10/1245 |
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