| Summary: | Winter rye is the second bread and the most valuable forage crop. Rye is cultivated primarily in Russia, Germany, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Scandinavia, China, Canada and the United States. The acreage allocated for the cultivation of rye in the world is declining (from 15.4 million ha in 1986 to 4.4 million ha in 2016). In all areas of cultivation rye has earned a reputation as the most adapted to the climatic conditions of the insurance culture of low economic risk. For the expansion of crops of rye and an increase in the gross yield of grain, it is necessary to create new varieties of rye. Currently, 94 gene banks in the world store 22,200 samples of winter and spring rye. Gene banks are located around the world; the largest of them – the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (3260 samples) – is located in Russia. The collection of the world’s genetic resources of rye, concentrated in storage and propagated in the fields, contains varieties, donors, populations and lines of cultural, weed-field, wild, winter and spring rye. The collection is being constantly updated and replenished with new samples, the system of reliable storage and maintenance of the high viability of seeds is being improved, the sources of traits with value for breeding are being identified and studied, and donors are being created. Scientific, breeding and educational institutions are being supplied with source material. An electronic passport documentation system of the collection is being developed and integrated into the international system of genetic banks. In this paper, a brief analysis and characterization of the VIR rye collection is given. The history of the pre-selection study and the stages of the creation and use of donors for various problems of selection are reviewed, a passport database on winter and spring rye has been created.
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