Crossing fibers may underlie the dynamic pulling forces of muscles that attach to cartilage at the tip of the nose
Abstract The present study used microdissection, histology, and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) with the aims of determining the prevalence and patterns of the depressor septi nasi (DSN) and orbicularis oris (OOr) muscles attached to the footplate of the medial crus (fMC) of the major alar carti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45781-1 |
| _version_ | 1797636942362312704 |
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| author | Mi-Sun Hur Seunggyu Lee Han-Sung Jung Richard A. Schneider |
| author_facet | Mi-Sun Hur Seunggyu Lee Han-Sung Jung Richard A. Schneider |
| author_sort | Mi-Sun Hur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The present study used microdissection, histology, and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) with the aims of determining the prevalence and patterns of the depressor septi nasi (DSN) and orbicularis oris (OOr) muscles attached to the footplate of the medial crus (fMC) of the major alar cartilage, focusing on their crossing fibers. The DSN and OOr attached to the fMC of the major alar cartilage were investigated in 76 samples from 38 embalmed Korean adult cadavers (20 males, 18 females; mean age 70 years). The DSN, OOr, or both were attached to the fMC. When the DSN ran unilaterally or was absent, some OOr fibers ascended to attach to the fMC instead of the DSN in 20.6% of the samples. Crossing fibers of the DSN or OOr attached to the fMC were found in 82.4% of the samples. Bilateral and unilateral crossing fibers were found in 32.4% and 50.0%, respectively, and no crossing fibers were found in 17.6%. The DSN and OOr that attached to the fMC could be categorized into six types according to presence of the DSN and the crossing patterns of the DSN and OOr. Anatomical findings of the DSN and OOr that attached to the fMC were confirmed in histology and micro-CT images. These findings offer insights on anatomical mechanisms that may underlie the dynamic pulling forces generated by muscles that attach to the fMCs and on evolutionary variation observed in human facial expressions. They can also provide useful information for guiding rhinoplasty of the nasal tip. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:42:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0d38d536e34940cb8c27bfd5a566d7f0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:42:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-0d38d536e34940cb8c27bfd5a566d7f02023-11-05T12:12:20ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-11-0113111310.1038/s41598-023-45781-1Crossing fibers may underlie the dynamic pulling forces of muscles that attach to cartilage at the tip of the noseMi-Sun Hur0Seunggyu Lee1Han-Sung Jung2Richard A. Schneider3Department of Anatomy, Daegu Catholic University School of MedicineDivision of Applied Mathematical Sciences, Korea UniversityDivision in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of DentistryDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San FranciscoAbstract The present study used microdissection, histology, and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) with the aims of determining the prevalence and patterns of the depressor septi nasi (DSN) and orbicularis oris (OOr) muscles attached to the footplate of the medial crus (fMC) of the major alar cartilage, focusing on their crossing fibers. The DSN and OOr attached to the fMC of the major alar cartilage were investigated in 76 samples from 38 embalmed Korean adult cadavers (20 males, 18 females; mean age 70 years). The DSN, OOr, or both were attached to the fMC. When the DSN ran unilaterally or was absent, some OOr fibers ascended to attach to the fMC instead of the DSN in 20.6% of the samples. Crossing fibers of the DSN or OOr attached to the fMC were found in 82.4% of the samples. Bilateral and unilateral crossing fibers were found in 32.4% and 50.0%, respectively, and no crossing fibers were found in 17.6%. The DSN and OOr that attached to the fMC could be categorized into six types according to presence of the DSN and the crossing patterns of the DSN and OOr. Anatomical findings of the DSN and OOr that attached to the fMC were confirmed in histology and micro-CT images. These findings offer insights on anatomical mechanisms that may underlie the dynamic pulling forces generated by muscles that attach to the fMCs and on evolutionary variation observed in human facial expressions. They can also provide useful information for guiding rhinoplasty of the nasal tip.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45781-1 |
| spellingShingle | Mi-Sun Hur Seunggyu Lee Han-Sung Jung Richard A. Schneider Crossing fibers may underlie the dynamic pulling forces of muscles that attach to cartilage at the tip of the nose Scientific Reports |
| title | Crossing fibers may underlie the dynamic pulling forces of muscles that attach to cartilage at the tip of the nose |
| title_full | Crossing fibers may underlie the dynamic pulling forces of muscles that attach to cartilage at the tip of the nose |
| title_fullStr | Crossing fibers may underlie the dynamic pulling forces of muscles that attach to cartilage at the tip of the nose |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crossing fibers may underlie the dynamic pulling forces of muscles that attach to cartilage at the tip of the nose |
| title_short | Crossing fibers may underlie the dynamic pulling forces of muscles that attach to cartilage at the tip of the nose |
| title_sort | crossing fibers may underlie the dynamic pulling forces of muscles that attach to cartilage at the tip of the nose |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45781-1 |
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