Military expenditures and human capital development in sub-Saharan Africa: a system GMM approach
ABSTRACTThis study investigates the military outlays effects on human capital development in sub-Saharan Africa. By using panel data covering 44 countries from 1995 to 2020, a system Generalized Method of Moments is adopted as the estimation technique of a dynamic panel model. Findings show that mil...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Development Studies Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21665095.2022.2163678 |
| _version_ | 1827586043190181888 |
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| author | Issofou Njifen Anna Anemann |
| author_facet | Issofou Njifen Anna Anemann |
| author_sort | Issofou Njifen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACTThis study investigates the military outlays effects on human capital development in sub-Saharan Africa. By using panel data covering 44 countries from 1995 to 2020, a system Generalized Method of Moments is adopted as the estimation technique of a dynamic panel model. Findings show that military outlays have a significant positive effect on education spending in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the sensitivity analysis reports a mitigated result, highlighting the diversity of evidence on the ‘guns better than butter’ literature. While military outlays positively affect education expenditures in central and southern African sub-regions, they crowd-out the public spending allocated to education development in Sahel & Lake Chad area, western and eastern sub-regions. These results, therefore, suggest that policy makers should promote the approach which considers defense as a component of socioeconomic development by regulating the perfect ratio of military spending that meets their needs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:55:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0d405bdcddeb4b01a27e8ae3fe256afc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2166-5095 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:55:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Development Studies Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-0d405bdcddeb4b01a27e8ae3fe256afc2023-12-13T04:57:02ZengTaylor & Francis GroupDevelopment Studies Research2166-50952023-12-0110110.1080/21665095.2022.2163678Military expenditures and human capital development in sub-Saharan Africa: a system GMM approachIssofou Njifen0Anna Anemann1Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Yaounde II, Yaounde, CameroonSchool of Economics and Management, Lund, SwedenABSTRACTThis study investigates the military outlays effects on human capital development in sub-Saharan Africa. By using panel data covering 44 countries from 1995 to 2020, a system Generalized Method of Moments is adopted as the estimation technique of a dynamic panel model. Findings show that military outlays have a significant positive effect on education spending in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the sensitivity analysis reports a mitigated result, highlighting the diversity of evidence on the ‘guns better than butter’ literature. While military outlays positively affect education expenditures in central and southern African sub-regions, they crowd-out the public spending allocated to education development in Sahel & Lake Chad area, western and eastern sub-regions. These results, therefore, suggest that policy makers should promote the approach which considers defense as a component of socioeconomic development by regulating the perfect ratio of military spending that meets their needs.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21665095.2022.2163678Guns vs butter dilemmadefense spendingeducation spendingsystem-GMM |
| spellingShingle | Issofou Njifen Anna Anemann Military expenditures and human capital development in sub-Saharan Africa: a system GMM approach Development Studies Research Guns vs butter dilemma defense spending education spending system-GMM |
| title | Military expenditures and human capital development in sub-Saharan Africa: a system GMM approach |
| title_full | Military expenditures and human capital development in sub-Saharan Africa: a system GMM approach |
| title_fullStr | Military expenditures and human capital development in sub-Saharan Africa: a system GMM approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Military expenditures and human capital development in sub-Saharan Africa: a system GMM approach |
| title_short | Military expenditures and human capital development in sub-Saharan Africa: a system GMM approach |
| title_sort | military expenditures and human capital development in sub saharan africa a system gmm approach |
| topic | Guns vs butter dilemma defense spending education spending system-GMM |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21665095.2022.2163678 |
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