Advances in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Recently Approved Therapies and Drugs in Development
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous malignancy comprised of various cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities that has notoriously been difficult to treat with an overall poor prognosis. For decades, treatment options were limited to either intensive chemotherapy with anthracyc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-11-01
|
| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/11/3225 |
| _version_ | 1797549083558150144 |
|---|---|
| author | Michele Stanchina Deborah Soong Binbin Zheng-Lin Justin M. Watts Justin Taylor |
| author_facet | Michele Stanchina Deborah Soong Binbin Zheng-Lin Justin M. Watts Justin Taylor |
| author_sort | Michele Stanchina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous malignancy comprised of various cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities that has notoriously been difficult to treat with an overall poor prognosis. For decades, treatment options were limited to either intensive chemotherapy with anthracycline and cytarabine-based regimens (7 + 3) or lower intensity regimens including hypomethylating agents or low dose cytarabine, followed by either allogeneic stem cell transplant or consolidation chemotherapy. Fortunately, with the influx of rapidly evolving molecular technologies and new genetic understanding, the treatment landscape for AML has dramatically changed. Advances in the formulation and delivery of 7 + 3 with liposomal cytarabine and daunorubicin (Vyxeos) have improved overall survival in secondary AML. Increased understanding of the genetic underpinnings of AML has led to targeting actionable mutations such as <i>FLT3</i>, <i>IDH1/2</i> and <i>TP53</i>, and BCL2 or hedgehog pathways in more frail populations. Antibody drug conjugates have resurfaced in the AML landscape and there have been numerous advances utilizing immunotherapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T cell engager antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy and the development of AML vaccines. While there are dozens of ongoing studies and new drugs in the pipeline, this paper serves as a review of the advances achieved in the treatment of AML in the last several years and the most promising future avenues of advancement |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:09:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0d41531b0a9540bbb6cb301d3e70c7d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:09:37Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-0d41531b0a9540bbb6cb301d3e70c7d22023-11-20T19:26:20ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942020-11-011211322510.3390/cancers12113225Advances in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Recently Approved Therapies and Drugs in DevelopmentMichele Stanchina0Deborah Soong1Binbin Zheng-Lin2Justin M. Watts3Justin Taylor4Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai West-Morningside, New York, NY 10025, USADivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USADivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USAAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous malignancy comprised of various cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities that has notoriously been difficult to treat with an overall poor prognosis. For decades, treatment options were limited to either intensive chemotherapy with anthracycline and cytarabine-based regimens (7 + 3) or lower intensity regimens including hypomethylating agents or low dose cytarabine, followed by either allogeneic stem cell transplant or consolidation chemotherapy. Fortunately, with the influx of rapidly evolving molecular technologies and new genetic understanding, the treatment landscape for AML has dramatically changed. Advances in the formulation and delivery of 7 + 3 with liposomal cytarabine and daunorubicin (Vyxeos) have improved overall survival in secondary AML. Increased understanding of the genetic underpinnings of AML has led to targeting actionable mutations such as <i>FLT3</i>, <i>IDH1/2</i> and <i>TP53</i>, and BCL2 or hedgehog pathways in more frail populations. Antibody drug conjugates have resurfaced in the AML landscape and there have been numerous advances utilizing immunotherapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T cell engager antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy and the development of AML vaccines. While there are dozens of ongoing studies and new drugs in the pipeline, this paper serves as a review of the advances achieved in the treatment of AML in the last several years and the most promising future avenues of advancementhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/11/3225novel therapeutics AMLFLT3IDH1/2CD33BCL2CD47 |
| spellingShingle | Michele Stanchina Deborah Soong Binbin Zheng-Lin Justin M. Watts Justin Taylor Advances in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Recently Approved Therapies and Drugs in Development Cancers novel therapeutics AML FLT3 IDH1/2 CD33 BCL2 CD47 |
| title | Advances in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Recently Approved Therapies and Drugs in Development |
| title_full | Advances in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Recently Approved Therapies and Drugs in Development |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Recently Approved Therapies and Drugs in Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Recently Approved Therapies and Drugs in Development |
| title_short | Advances in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Recently Approved Therapies and Drugs in Development |
| title_sort | advances in acute myeloid leukemia recently approved therapies and drugs in development |
| topic | novel therapeutics AML FLT3 IDH1/2 CD33 BCL2 CD47 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/11/3225 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT michelestanchina advancesinacutemyeloidleukemiarecentlyapprovedtherapiesanddrugsindevelopment AT deborahsoong advancesinacutemyeloidleukemiarecentlyapprovedtherapiesanddrugsindevelopment AT binbinzhenglin advancesinacutemyeloidleukemiarecentlyapprovedtherapiesanddrugsindevelopment AT justinmwatts advancesinacutemyeloidleukemiarecentlyapprovedtherapiesanddrugsindevelopment AT justintaylor advancesinacutemyeloidleukemiarecentlyapprovedtherapiesanddrugsindevelopment |