Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil of <i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> R.Br. Aerial Parts: First Assessment against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
<i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> R.Br. is a perennial halophyte that has received much attention for studies of revegetation of marginal lands in arid and semi-arid environments. It was, recently, demonstrated that there are no risks in terms of contamination of essential oil (EO) from growin...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/2/362 |
| _version_ | 1797396223814008832 |
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| author | Hamza Zine Manar Ibrahimi Souad Loqman Eleni G. Papazoglou Soukaina Ouhaddou Sara Elgadi Yedir Ouhdouch Rachid Hakkou Mariam El Adnani Ahmed Ouhammou |
| author_facet | Hamza Zine Manar Ibrahimi Souad Loqman Eleni G. Papazoglou Soukaina Ouhaddou Sara Elgadi Yedir Ouhdouch Rachid Hakkou Mariam El Adnani Ahmed Ouhammou |
| author_sort | Hamza Zine |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> R.Br. is a perennial halophyte that has received much attention for studies of revegetation of marginal lands in arid and semi-arid environments. It was, recently, demonstrated that there are no risks in terms of contamination of essential oil (EO) from growing plant on such land. Interest in exploring the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of <i>A. semibaccata</i> EO has consequently been renewed. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of <i>A. semibaccata</i> EO. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against native (drug-sensitive) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria by testing the EO alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics. The chemical composition of EO was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 52 chemical compounds were identified, and 2-Methoxy-4-vinyl phenol (48.9%), benzaldehyde (6.7%), and benzyl alcohol (6.3%) were found to be the main constituents of EO. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was evaluated using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reducing–scavenging test. The EO from this species possessed high antioxidant activity (938.65 μg TE/g EO). The antibacterial test demonstrated an inhibitory effect on six native and MDR bacterial strains. We found that <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (Gram+), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (Gram−), and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (Gram−) were more sensitive than MDR strains, with an inhibition zone ranging from 11.16 mm to 12 mm. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 3.12 mg/mL to 6.25 mg/mL. The combination of gentamicin and EO revealed a high synergistic effect. The effect on <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> showed lower fractional inhibitory concentration indices of 0.39 and 0.27, respectively. The results also revealed that <i>A. semibaccata</i> EO contained compounds with antibacterial potential against MDR bacteria, with antioxidant properties, and with a moderate synergistic effect in combination with gentamicin. The EO from <i>A. semibaccata</i> could be considered a new and potential source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents. These findings make <i>A. semibaccata</i> an excellent choice for the revegetation of marginal lands with the subsequent use of biomass for the production of EO with significant potential in the control of microbial infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:48:15Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0d46fdc6ead849b6823b0cb619c4ab5b2023-12-11T17:21:58ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-02-0111236210.3390/agronomy11020362Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil of <i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> R.Br. Aerial Parts: First Assessment against Multidrug-Resistant BacteriaHamza Zine0Manar Ibrahimi1Souad Loqman2Eleni G. Papazoglou3Soukaina Ouhaddou4Sara Elgadi5Yedir Ouhdouch6Rachid Hakkou7Mariam El Adnani8Ahmed Ouhammou9Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP. 2390, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoLaboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP. 2390, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoLaboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, BP. 7010, Marrakesh 40000, MoroccoLaboratory of Systematic Botany, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology and Valorization of Plant Resources, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP. 2390, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoLaboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP. 2390, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoLaboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP. 2390, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoIMED-Lab, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, BP. 549, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoLaboratory of Mining, Environment and Sustainable Development, School of Mines of Rabat, Av. Hadj Ahmed Cherkaoui, Rabat BP. 753, MoroccoLaboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP. 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco<i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> R.Br. is a perennial halophyte that has received much attention for studies of revegetation of marginal lands in arid and semi-arid environments. It was, recently, demonstrated that there are no risks in terms of contamination of essential oil (EO) from growing plant on such land. Interest in exploring the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of <i>A. semibaccata</i> EO has consequently been renewed. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of <i>A. semibaccata</i> EO. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against native (drug-sensitive) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria by testing the EO alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics. The chemical composition of EO was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 52 chemical compounds were identified, and 2-Methoxy-4-vinyl phenol (48.9%), benzaldehyde (6.7%), and benzyl alcohol (6.3%) were found to be the main constituents of EO. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was evaluated using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reducing–scavenging test. The EO from this species possessed high antioxidant activity (938.65 μg TE/g EO). The antibacterial test demonstrated an inhibitory effect on six native and MDR bacterial strains. We found that <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (Gram+), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (Gram−), and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (Gram−) were more sensitive than MDR strains, with an inhibition zone ranging from 11.16 mm to 12 mm. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 3.12 mg/mL to 6.25 mg/mL. The combination of gentamicin and EO revealed a high synergistic effect. The effect on <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> showed lower fractional inhibitory concentration indices of 0.39 and 0.27, respectively. The results also revealed that <i>A. semibaccata</i> EO contained compounds with antibacterial potential against MDR bacteria, with antioxidant properties, and with a moderate synergistic effect in combination with gentamicin. The EO from <i>A. semibaccata</i> could be considered a new and potential source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents. These findings make <i>A. semibaccata</i> an excellent choice for the revegetation of marginal lands with the subsequent use of biomass for the production of EO with significant potential in the control of microbial infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/2/362<i>Atriplex semibaccata</i>essential oilantibacterialantioxidantmultidrug-resistant bacteriamarginal lands |
| spellingShingle | Hamza Zine Manar Ibrahimi Souad Loqman Eleni G. Papazoglou Soukaina Ouhaddou Sara Elgadi Yedir Ouhdouch Rachid Hakkou Mariam El Adnani Ahmed Ouhammou Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil of <i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> R.Br. Aerial Parts: First Assessment against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Agronomy <i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> essential oil antibacterial antioxidant multidrug-resistant bacteria marginal lands |
| title | Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil of <i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> R.Br. Aerial Parts: First Assessment against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria |
| title_full | Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil of <i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> R.Br. Aerial Parts: First Assessment against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil of <i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> R.Br. Aerial Parts: First Assessment against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil of <i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> R.Br. Aerial Parts: First Assessment against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria |
| title_short | Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil of <i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> R.Br. Aerial Parts: First Assessment against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria |
| title_sort | chemical composition antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil of i atriplex semibaccata i r br aerial parts first assessment against multidrug resistant bacteria |
| topic | <i>Atriplex semibaccata</i> essential oil antibacterial antioxidant multidrug-resistant bacteria marginal lands |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/2/362 |
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