Illicit Drug Use and Smell and Taste Dysfunction: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014
Taste and smell dysfunction are suspected to be associated with substance use. However, representative epidemiological studies remain insufficient. This cross-sectional study explored the relationship between drug use (including cannabis or hashish, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine) and olfactor...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Healthcare |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/5/909 |
| _version_ | 1797499414122594304 |
|---|---|
| author | Hui-Han Kao Hsi-Han Chen Kuan-Wei Chiang Sheng-Yin To I-Hsun Li Yu-Chieh Huang Li-Ting Kao |
| author_facet | Hui-Han Kao Hsi-Han Chen Kuan-Wei Chiang Sheng-Yin To I-Hsun Li Yu-Chieh Huang Li-Ting Kao |
| author_sort | Hui-Han Kao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Taste and smell dysfunction are suspected to be associated with substance use. However, representative epidemiological studies remain insufficient. This cross-sectional study explored the relationship between drug use (including cannabis or hashish, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine) and olfactory/gustatory dysfunction using data from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In this study, participants who completed the smell examination with mean age of 59 were classified into four groups: cannabis users (<i>n</i> = 845), participants without cannabis use (<i>n</i> = 794), illicit drug users (<i>n</i> = 450), and participants without illicit drug use (<i>n</i> = 2000). Participants who completed the taste examination with mean age of 58 were also categorised into four groups: cannabis users (<i>n</i> = 810), participants without cannabis use (<i>n</i> = 714), illicit drug users (<i>n</i> = 428), and participants without illicit drug use (<i>n</i> = 1815). Logistic regression models investigated the association between cannabis or illicit drug use and smell or taste dysfunctions among study participants. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Finally, we did not find correlations between illicit drug use and dysfunction of taste or smell senses; our findings were consistent in many subgroup analyses. We recommend that further studies explore the mechanism and dose of illicit drug use that could have chemosensory impacts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:47:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0d47d2c4e3934288af1284b71b56809b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:47:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-0d47d2c4e3934288af1284b71b56809b2023-11-23T11:14:58ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322022-05-0110590910.3390/healthcare10050909Illicit Drug Use and Smell and Taste Dysfunction: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014Hui-Han Kao0Hsi-Han Chen1Kuan-Wei Chiang2Sheng-Yin To3I-Hsun Li4Yu-Chieh Huang5Li-Ting Kao6Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, TaiwanDepartment of Psychiatry, Yang Ji Mental Hospital, Keelung 20445, TaiwanDepartment of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, TaiwanSchool of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, TaiwanDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, TaiwanDepartment of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, TaiwanTaste and smell dysfunction are suspected to be associated with substance use. However, representative epidemiological studies remain insufficient. This cross-sectional study explored the relationship between drug use (including cannabis or hashish, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine) and olfactory/gustatory dysfunction using data from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In this study, participants who completed the smell examination with mean age of 59 were classified into four groups: cannabis users (<i>n</i> = 845), participants without cannabis use (<i>n</i> = 794), illicit drug users (<i>n</i> = 450), and participants without illicit drug use (<i>n</i> = 2000). Participants who completed the taste examination with mean age of 58 were also categorised into four groups: cannabis users (<i>n</i> = 810), participants without cannabis use (<i>n</i> = 714), illicit drug users (<i>n</i> = 428), and participants without illicit drug use (<i>n</i> = 1815). Logistic regression models investigated the association between cannabis or illicit drug use and smell or taste dysfunctions among study participants. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Finally, we did not find correlations between illicit drug use and dysfunction of taste or smell senses; our findings were consistent in many subgroup analyses. We recommend that further studies explore the mechanism and dose of illicit drug use that could have chemosensory impacts.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/5/909illicit drugcannabissmelltasteNHANES |
| spellingShingle | Hui-Han Kao Hsi-Han Chen Kuan-Wei Chiang Sheng-Yin To I-Hsun Li Yu-Chieh Huang Li-Ting Kao Illicit Drug Use and Smell and Taste Dysfunction: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 Healthcare illicit drug cannabis smell taste NHANES |
| title | Illicit Drug Use and Smell and Taste Dysfunction: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 |
| title_full | Illicit Drug Use and Smell and Taste Dysfunction: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 |
| title_fullStr | Illicit Drug Use and Smell and Taste Dysfunction: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Illicit Drug Use and Smell and Taste Dysfunction: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 |
| title_short | Illicit Drug Use and Smell and Taste Dysfunction: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 |
| title_sort | illicit drug use and smell and taste dysfunction a national health and nutrition examination survey 2013 2014 |
| topic | illicit drug cannabis smell taste NHANES |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/5/909 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT huihankao illicitdruguseandsmellandtastedysfunctionanationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey20132014 AT hsihanchen illicitdruguseandsmellandtastedysfunctionanationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey20132014 AT kuanweichiang illicitdruguseandsmellandtastedysfunctionanationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey20132014 AT shengyinto illicitdruguseandsmellandtastedysfunctionanationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey20132014 AT ihsunli illicitdruguseandsmellandtastedysfunctionanationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey20132014 AT yuchiehhuang illicitdruguseandsmellandtastedysfunctionanationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey20132014 AT litingkao illicitdruguseandsmellandtastedysfunctionanationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey20132014 |