Investigation of Intermetallics Formation and Joint Performance of Laser Welded Ni to Al
In this paper, laser welding Ni to Al using pulsed wave (PW) and continuous wave (CW) lasers was investigated. Weld quality and strength were evaluated in terms of cross-section examination, intermetallic compounds formation, microhardness, shear test and 90-degree peel test. The results show that d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/3/1356 |
| _version_ | 1797625148980854784 |
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| author | Lichao Cao Yongfeng Liu Hui-Chi Chen Li Zhang Hua Sun Guijun Bi |
| author_facet | Lichao Cao Yongfeng Liu Hui-Chi Chen Li Zhang Hua Sun Guijun Bi |
| author_sort | Lichao Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, laser welding Ni to Al using pulsed wave (PW) and continuous wave (CW) lasers was investigated. Weld quality and strength were evaluated in terms of cross-section examination, intermetallic compounds formation, microhardness, shear test and 90-degree peel test. The results show that deep penetration welding Ni to Al causes high melting pool temperature and severe material mixing, which could result in dominant AlNi<sub>3</sub> and AlNi intermetallics (IMCs) in the weld. These IMCs could significantly increase the hardness of the welding zone, but could also lead to the formation of defects, as well as reducing the ability to withstand the shear force and peel force applied to the weld. In comparison, using process optimization to maintain a shallow penetration or form a weld-braze joint, low melting pool temperature and minimum material mixing can be achieved. Hence, low-hardness Al<sub>3</sub>Ni IMCs are prevalent in the weld. This helps generate a defect-free dissimilar weld joint to withstand higher shear force and peel force. The findings show promising applications, such as the battery management system of electric vehicles, in which joining a Ni adaptor to an Al bus bar is required. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:52:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0d4a4d91d34a4056b33051ca83d87a81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:52:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-0d4a4d91d34a4056b33051ca83d87a812023-11-16T16:04:16ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-01-01133135610.3390/app13031356Investigation of Intermetallics Formation and Joint Performance of Laser Welded Ni to AlLichao Cao0Yongfeng Liu1Hui-Chi Chen2Li Zhang3Hua Sun4Guijun Bi5Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, ChinaBeijing Engineering Research Center of Monitoring for Construction Safety, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, ChinaSingapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 73 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637662, SingaporeGuangdong CAS DoFortune Laser Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, ChinaSchool of Humanities, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, ChinaSingapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 73 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637662, SingaporeIn this paper, laser welding Ni to Al using pulsed wave (PW) and continuous wave (CW) lasers was investigated. Weld quality and strength were evaluated in terms of cross-section examination, intermetallic compounds formation, microhardness, shear test and 90-degree peel test. The results show that deep penetration welding Ni to Al causes high melting pool temperature and severe material mixing, which could result in dominant AlNi<sub>3</sub> and AlNi intermetallics (IMCs) in the weld. These IMCs could significantly increase the hardness of the welding zone, but could also lead to the formation of defects, as well as reducing the ability to withstand the shear force and peel force applied to the weld. In comparison, using process optimization to maintain a shallow penetration or form a weld-braze joint, low melting pool temperature and minimum material mixing can be achieved. Hence, low-hardness Al<sub>3</sub>Ni IMCs are prevalent in the weld. This helps generate a defect-free dissimilar weld joint to withstand higher shear force and peel force. The findings show promising applications, such as the battery management system of electric vehicles, in which joining a Ni adaptor to an Al bus bar is required.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/3/1356laser weldingdissimilar materialintermetallics formationjoint strength |
| spellingShingle | Lichao Cao Yongfeng Liu Hui-Chi Chen Li Zhang Hua Sun Guijun Bi Investigation of Intermetallics Formation and Joint Performance of Laser Welded Ni to Al Applied Sciences laser welding dissimilar material intermetallics formation joint strength |
| title | Investigation of Intermetallics Formation and Joint Performance of Laser Welded Ni to Al |
| title_full | Investigation of Intermetallics Formation and Joint Performance of Laser Welded Ni to Al |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of Intermetallics Formation and Joint Performance of Laser Welded Ni to Al |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of Intermetallics Formation and Joint Performance of Laser Welded Ni to Al |
| title_short | Investigation of Intermetallics Formation and Joint Performance of Laser Welded Ni to Al |
| title_sort | investigation of intermetallics formation and joint performance of laser welded ni to al |
| topic | laser welding dissimilar material intermetallics formation joint strength |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/3/1356 |
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