The Effects of 5 km Interval Running on the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain and Biomechanical Characteristic of the Knee Joint: Simulation and Principal Component Analysis
Interval running methodologies simulate competition and training conditions, with the aim of enhancing an athletes’ ability to cope with constant deceleration, acceleration, and sudden changes in direction, as associated athletic and performance challenges. Fifteen male athletes were recruited in th...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/11/6760 |
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| author | Enze Shao Qichang Mei Tongjun Ye Bálint Kovács Julien S. Baker Wei Liu Yaodong Gu |
| author_facet | Enze Shao Qichang Mei Tongjun Ye Bálint Kovács Julien S. Baker Wei Liu Yaodong Gu |
| author_sort | Enze Shao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Interval running methodologies simulate competition and training conditions, with the aim of enhancing an athletes’ ability to cope with constant deceleration, acceleration, and sudden changes in direction, as associated athletic and performance challenges. Fifteen male athletes were recruited in this study, in which the anterior cruciate ligament was modeled as a nonlinear elastic passive soft tissue in OpenSim 4.2. Participants completed 5 km interval running training on a treadmill. Before and after the interval running, kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography activity of the lower leg during the cutting maneuvers were collected simultaneously. After running training, the anterior cruciate ligament strain demonstrated a decreasing trend when performing unexpected cutting maneuvers. Principal component analysis showed significant differences in knee moments during abduction-adduction; knee angles in flexion-extension, external-internal rotation, and abduction-adduction, as well as knee contact forces in the sagittal and coronal planes. The findings of the study highlight that athletes generate greater adduction moment at the onset of the cut, followed by greater abduction moment towards the end of the cut, which may have a substantial impact on the anterior cruciate ligament loading. Furthermore, athletes need to be mindful of changes in coronal plane contact forces. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:11:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0d5f475fc8d741428ac75c8c3cc352f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:11:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-0d5f475fc8d741428ac75c8c3cc352f12023-11-18T07:36:23ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-06-011311676010.3390/app13116760The Effects of 5 km Interval Running on the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain and Biomechanical Characteristic of the Knee Joint: Simulation and Principal Component AnalysisEnze Shao0Qichang Mei1Tongjun Ye2Bálint Kovács3Julien S. Baker4Wei Liu5Yaodong Gu6Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaFaculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaFaculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaFaculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaCentre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, ChinaFaculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaFaculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, ChinaInterval running methodologies simulate competition and training conditions, with the aim of enhancing an athletes’ ability to cope with constant deceleration, acceleration, and sudden changes in direction, as associated athletic and performance challenges. Fifteen male athletes were recruited in this study, in which the anterior cruciate ligament was modeled as a nonlinear elastic passive soft tissue in OpenSim 4.2. Participants completed 5 km interval running training on a treadmill. Before and after the interval running, kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography activity of the lower leg during the cutting maneuvers were collected simultaneously. After running training, the anterior cruciate ligament strain demonstrated a decreasing trend when performing unexpected cutting maneuvers. Principal component analysis showed significant differences in knee moments during abduction-adduction; knee angles in flexion-extension, external-internal rotation, and abduction-adduction, as well as knee contact forces in the sagittal and coronal planes. The findings of the study highlight that athletes generate greater adduction moment at the onset of the cut, followed by greater abduction moment towards the end of the cut, which may have a substantial impact on the anterior cruciate ligament loading. Furthermore, athletes need to be mindful of changes in coronal plane contact forces.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/11/6760interval runningknee modelanterior cruciate ligament straincutting maneuver |
| spellingShingle | Enze Shao Qichang Mei Tongjun Ye Bálint Kovács Julien S. Baker Wei Liu Yaodong Gu The Effects of 5 km Interval Running on the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain and Biomechanical Characteristic of the Knee Joint: Simulation and Principal Component Analysis Applied Sciences interval running knee model anterior cruciate ligament strain cutting maneuver |
| title | The Effects of 5 km Interval Running on the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain and Biomechanical Characteristic of the Knee Joint: Simulation and Principal Component Analysis |
| title_full | The Effects of 5 km Interval Running on the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain and Biomechanical Characteristic of the Knee Joint: Simulation and Principal Component Analysis |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of 5 km Interval Running on the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain and Biomechanical Characteristic of the Knee Joint: Simulation and Principal Component Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of 5 km Interval Running on the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain and Biomechanical Characteristic of the Knee Joint: Simulation and Principal Component Analysis |
| title_short | The Effects of 5 km Interval Running on the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain and Biomechanical Characteristic of the Knee Joint: Simulation and Principal Component Analysis |
| title_sort | effects of 5 km interval running on the anterior cruciate ligament strain and biomechanical characteristic of the knee joint simulation and principal component analysis |
| topic | interval running knee model anterior cruciate ligament strain cutting maneuver |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/11/6760 |
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