Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Active and Remission Graves’ Disease
Background: The association between Graves’ disease (GD) and serum vitamin D levels has been studied for decades although the results were controversial. Moreover, the difference in vitamin D levels between the different stages of GD is not well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the vi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Medicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/10/7/41 |
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| author | Natapon Rattanamusik Suriyon Uitrakul Atchara Charoenpiriya |
| author_facet | Natapon Rattanamusik Suriyon Uitrakul Atchara Charoenpiriya |
| author_sort | Natapon Rattanamusik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The association between Graves’ disease (GD) and serum vitamin D levels has been studied for decades although the results were controversial. Moreover, the difference in vitamin D levels between the different stages of GD is not well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the vitamin D levels between active and remission GD and to investigate the factors affecting vitamin D levels in GD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed between 1 January to 31 December 2021. The eligible patients were in either the active or remission stage of GD. The demographic and clinical data of the patients willing to participate in the study were collected, as well as their vitamin D levels. Comparisons of continuous parameters between the active and remission groups were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test, while categorical parameters were performed using the Chi-square test. Results: 75 patients were diagnosed with GD, with 54.7% in the active stage. The mean vitamin D level was lower in the active GD group than in the remission GD group (28.23 vs. 31.58 ng/mL, respectively, <i>p</i>-value 0.079). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (i.e., serum vitamin D level < 20 ng/mL) in the active GD group was 14.6%, and in the remission GD group was 0% (<i>p</i>-value 0.02). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between the serum vitamin D level and serum free T4 level (<i>p</i>-value 0.03). Conclusions: In spite of non-significance, patients with active GD had lower mean vitamin D levels compared to those with remission GD. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in the active GD patients. Additionally, a negative correlation between serum vitamin D levels and serum free T4 levels was observed in this study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:50:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0d61d0c696424640ac0bb6ea1f725d7c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6320 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:50:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-0d61d0c696424640ac0bb6ea1f725d7c2023-11-18T20:25:44ZengMDPI AGMedicines2305-63202023-07-011074110.3390/medicines10070041Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Active and Remission Graves’ DiseaseNatapon Rattanamusik0Suriyon Uitrakul1Atchara Charoenpiriya2Department of Medicine, Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80000, ThailandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, ThailandDepartment of Medicine, Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80000, ThailandBackground: The association between Graves’ disease (GD) and serum vitamin D levels has been studied for decades although the results were controversial. Moreover, the difference in vitamin D levels between the different stages of GD is not well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the vitamin D levels between active and remission GD and to investigate the factors affecting vitamin D levels in GD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed between 1 January to 31 December 2021. The eligible patients were in either the active or remission stage of GD. The demographic and clinical data of the patients willing to participate in the study were collected, as well as their vitamin D levels. Comparisons of continuous parameters between the active and remission groups were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test, while categorical parameters were performed using the Chi-square test. Results: 75 patients were diagnosed with GD, with 54.7% in the active stage. The mean vitamin D level was lower in the active GD group than in the remission GD group (28.23 vs. 31.58 ng/mL, respectively, <i>p</i>-value 0.079). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (i.e., serum vitamin D level < 20 ng/mL) in the active GD group was 14.6%, and in the remission GD group was 0% (<i>p</i>-value 0.02). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between the serum vitamin D level and serum free T4 level (<i>p</i>-value 0.03). Conclusions: In spite of non-significance, patients with active GD had lower mean vitamin D levels compared to those with remission GD. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in the active GD patients. Additionally, a negative correlation between serum vitamin D levels and serum free T4 levels was observed in this study.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/10/7/41vitamin DcalcitriolGraves’ diseasehyperthyroidism |
| spellingShingle | Natapon Rattanamusik Suriyon Uitrakul Atchara Charoenpiriya Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Active and Remission Graves’ Disease Medicines vitamin D calcitriol Graves’ disease hyperthyroidism |
| title | Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Active and Remission Graves’ Disease |
| title_full | Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Active and Remission Graves’ Disease |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Active and Remission Graves’ Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Active and Remission Graves’ Disease |
| title_short | Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Active and Remission Graves’ Disease |
| title_sort | vitamin d levels in patients with active and remission graves disease |
| topic | vitamin D calcitriol Graves’ disease hyperthyroidism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/10/7/41 |
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