Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Ledeburitic AISI D2 Cold-Work Tool Steel in Semisolid Zones via Direct Partial Remelting Process
The success of the thixoforming process largely depends on the created microstructure, which must be globular in the liquid phase. The solid–liquid structural changes that occur on as-annealed D2 tool steel when it is subjected to the so-called DPRM are described in this work (direct partial remelti...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/7/1/11 |
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| author | M. N. Mohammed M. Z. Omar Adnan Naji Jameel Al-Tamimi Hakim S. Sultan Luay Hashem Abbud Salah Al-Zubaidi Oday I. Abdullah M. Abdulrazaq |
| author_facet | M. N. Mohammed M. Z. Omar Adnan Naji Jameel Al-Tamimi Hakim S. Sultan Luay Hashem Abbud Salah Al-Zubaidi Oday I. Abdullah M. Abdulrazaq |
| author_sort | M. N. Mohammed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The success of the thixoforming process largely depends on the created microstructure, which must be globular in the liquid phase. The solid–liquid structural changes that occur on as-annealed D2 tool steel when it is subjected to the so-called DPRM are described in this work (direct partial remelting method). The paper discusses phase changes and how carbide dissolution affects grain boundary liquation and grain spheroidization. Equiaxed grains with undissolved carbide particles have been found in the microstructural analysis at 1250 °C; however, the carbides gradually disappear as the temperature rises. Additionally, the equiaxed grains were transformed to a globular structure, which improves the shape factor and grain size for the thixoforming process. For AISI D2 thixoforming, which produced grains with a diameter of 50 μm and a shape factor of 1.18, temperatures of 1300 °C and a holding period of 5 min were the optimum parameters. The outcomes also showed that the mechanical properties of the AISI D2 were greatly enhanced after using direct partial remelting, where hardness was increased from 220 Hv to 350 Hv and tensile strength from 791 MPa to 961 MPa. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:36:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0d85002bf64045da9731948683f411ee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-4494 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:36:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing |
| spelling | doaj.art-0d85002bf64045da9731948683f411ee2023-11-16T21:25:47ZengMDPI AGJournal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing2504-44942022-12-01711110.3390/jmmp7010011Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Ledeburitic AISI D2 Cold-Work Tool Steel in Semisolid Zones via Direct Partial Remelting ProcessM. N. Mohammed0M. Z. Omar1Adnan Naji Jameel Al-Tamimi2Hakim S. Sultan3Luay Hashem Abbud4Salah Al-Zubaidi5Oday I. Abdullah6M. Abdulrazaq7Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Gulf University, Sanad 26489, BahrainDepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaCollege of Technical Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10001, IraqDepartment of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Holy Karbala 56001, IraqAir Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon 51001, IraqDepartment of Automated Manufacturing Engineering, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, IraqDepartment of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, IraqResearch Center, The University of Mashreq, Baghdad 10023, IraqThe success of the thixoforming process largely depends on the created microstructure, which must be globular in the liquid phase. The solid–liquid structural changes that occur on as-annealed D2 tool steel when it is subjected to the so-called DPRM are described in this work (direct partial remelting method). The paper discusses phase changes and how carbide dissolution affects grain boundary liquation and grain spheroidization. Equiaxed grains with undissolved carbide particles have been found in the microstructural analysis at 1250 °C; however, the carbides gradually disappear as the temperature rises. Additionally, the equiaxed grains were transformed to a globular structure, which improves the shape factor and grain size for the thixoforming process. For AISI D2 thixoforming, which produced grains with a diameter of 50 μm and a shape factor of 1.18, temperatures of 1300 °C and a holding period of 5 min were the optimum parameters. The outcomes also showed that the mechanical properties of the AISI D2 were greatly enhanced after using direct partial remelting, where hardness was increased from 220 Hv to 350 Hv and tensile strength from 791 MPa to 961 MPa.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/7/1/11thixoformingsemisolid metal processingAISI D2 tool steeldirect partial remeltingspherical morphologies |
| spellingShingle | M. N. Mohammed M. Z. Omar Adnan Naji Jameel Al-Tamimi Hakim S. Sultan Luay Hashem Abbud Salah Al-Zubaidi Oday I. Abdullah M. Abdulrazaq Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Ledeburitic AISI D2 Cold-Work Tool Steel in Semisolid Zones via Direct Partial Remelting Process Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing thixoforming semisolid metal processing AISI D2 tool steel direct partial remelting spherical morphologies |
| title | Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Ledeburitic AISI D2 Cold-Work Tool Steel in Semisolid Zones via Direct Partial Remelting Process |
| title_full | Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Ledeburitic AISI D2 Cold-Work Tool Steel in Semisolid Zones via Direct Partial Remelting Process |
| title_fullStr | Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Ledeburitic AISI D2 Cold-Work Tool Steel in Semisolid Zones via Direct Partial Remelting Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Ledeburitic AISI D2 Cold-Work Tool Steel in Semisolid Zones via Direct Partial Remelting Process |
| title_short | Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Ledeburitic AISI D2 Cold-Work Tool Steel in Semisolid Zones via Direct Partial Remelting Process |
| title_sort | microstructural and mechanical characterization of ledeburitic aisi d2 cold work tool steel in semisolid zones via direct partial remelting process |
| topic | thixoforming semisolid metal processing AISI D2 tool steel direct partial remelting spherical morphologies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/7/1/11 |
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