Blood lead level in opium dependents and its association with anemia: A cross-sectional study from the capital of Iran
Background: Opium dependence is one of the most challenging health problems in the developing countries as well as Iran. Among several health problems due to opium dependence, there are limited reports indicating the presence of lead in opium. The aim of this study is to investigate the blood lead l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2014-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Research in Medical Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.jmsjournal.net/article.asp?issn=1735-1995;year=2014;volume=19;issue=10;spage=939;epage=943;aulast=Domeneh |
| _version_ | 1818141363475054592 |
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| author | Behrooz Hashemi Domeneh Nader Tavakoli Najmeh Jafari |
| author_facet | Behrooz Hashemi Domeneh Nader Tavakoli Najmeh Jafari |
| author_sort | Behrooz Hashemi Domeneh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Opium dependence is one of the most challenging health problems in the developing countries as well as Iran. Among several health problems due to opium dependence, there are limited reports indicating the presence of lead in opium. The aim of this study is to investigate the blood lead level (BLL) in oral and inhalational opium dependents and its association with anemia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 86 opium dependent patients who were referred to five large detoxification centers in Tehran city and 48 healthy individuals. BLL was assessed using the atomic absorption spectrometry technique. Multivariate analysis of variance and binary logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical assessment using SPSS version 18 for Windows. Results: The highest BLL was detected in oral opium dependent group (mean = 11.75, standard deviation (SD) = 6.06) in comparison to inhalational opium dependent group (mean = 7.07, SD = 3.61) and healthy control group (mean = 6.05, SD = 1.83). Anemia was detected in 38% of oral-opium dependent and 43% of inhalational-opium dependent group. Age (odds ratio (OR): 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.09) and opium dependence (OR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.69-7.59) were significant predictors of anemia in these patients (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the higher BLL in opium dependents, especially with an oral form of consumption. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T10:58:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0d9784aaeff546d89fbbc7b52c35173e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1735-1995 1735-7136 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T10:58:41Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Research in Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-0d9784aaeff546d89fbbc7b52c35173e2022-12-22T01:09:58ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-19951735-71362014-01-011910939943Blood lead level in opium dependents and its association with anemia: A cross-sectional study from the capital of IranBehrooz Hashemi DomenehNader TavakoliNajmeh JafariBackground: Opium dependence is one of the most challenging health problems in the developing countries as well as Iran. Among several health problems due to opium dependence, there are limited reports indicating the presence of lead in opium. The aim of this study is to investigate the blood lead level (BLL) in oral and inhalational opium dependents and its association with anemia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 86 opium dependent patients who were referred to five large detoxification centers in Tehran city and 48 healthy individuals. BLL was assessed using the atomic absorption spectrometry technique. Multivariate analysis of variance and binary logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical assessment using SPSS version 18 for Windows. Results: The highest BLL was detected in oral opium dependent group (mean = 11.75, standard deviation (SD) = 6.06) in comparison to inhalational opium dependent group (mean = 7.07, SD = 3.61) and healthy control group (mean = 6.05, SD = 1.83). Anemia was detected in 38% of oral-opium dependent and 43% of inhalational-opium dependent group. Age (odds ratio (OR): 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.09) and opium dependence (OR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.69-7.59) were significant predictors of anemia in these patients (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the higher BLL in opium dependents, especially with an oral form of consumption.http://www.jmsjournal.net/article.asp?issn=1735-1995;year=2014;volume=19;issue=10;spage=939;epage=943;aulast=DomenehAnemiablood lead levelIranopium dependent |
| spellingShingle | Behrooz Hashemi Domeneh Nader Tavakoli Najmeh Jafari Blood lead level in opium dependents and its association with anemia: A cross-sectional study from the capital of Iran Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Anemia blood lead level Iran opium dependent |
| title | Blood lead level in opium dependents and its association with anemia: A cross-sectional study from the capital of Iran |
| title_full | Blood lead level in opium dependents and its association with anemia: A cross-sectional study from the capital of Iran |
| title_fullStr | Blood lead level in opium dependents and its association with anemia: A cross-sectional study from the capital of Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blood lead level in opium dependents and its association with anemia: A cross-sectional study from the capital of Iran |
| title_short | Blood lead level in opium dependents and its association with anemia: A cross-sectional study from the capital of Iran |
| title_sort | blood lead level in opium dependents and its association with anemia a cross sectional study from the capital of iran |
| topic | Anemia blood lead level Iran opium dependent |
| url | http://www.jmsjournal.net/article.asp?issn=1735-1995;year=2014;volume=19;issue=10;spage=939;epage=943;aulast=Domeneh |
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