Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH<sub>3</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Air Mixtures
The dynamics of a homogeneous adiabatic autoignition of an ammonia/air mixture at constant volume was studied, using the algorithmic tools of Computational Singular Perturbation. Since ammonia combustion is characterized by both unrealistically long ignition delays and elevated NO<inline-formula&...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/23/4422 |
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| author | Ahmed T. Khalil Dimitris M. Manias Efstathios-Al. Tingas Dimitrios C. Kyritsis Dimitris A. Goussis |
| author_facet | Ahmed T. Khalil Dimitris M. Manias Efstathios-Al. Tingas Dimitrios C. Kyritsis Dimitris A. Goussis |
| author_sort | Ahmed T. Khalil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The dynamics of a homogeneous adiabatic autoignition of an ammonia/air mixture at constant volume was studied, using the algorithmic tools of Computational Singular Perturbation. Since ammonia combustion is characterized by both unrealistically long ignition delays and elevated NO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> emissions, the time frame of action of the modes that are responsible for ignition was analyzed by calculating the developing time scales throughout the process and by studying their possible relation to NO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> emissions. The reactions that support or oppose the explosive time scale were identified, along with the variables that are related the most to the dynamics that drive the system to an explosion. It is shown that reaction H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>O<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> (+M) → OH + OH (+M) is the one contributing the most to the time scale that characterizes ignition and that its reactant H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>O<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> is the species related the most to this time scale. These findings suggested that addition of H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>O<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> in the initial mixture will influence strongly the evolution of the process. It was shown that ignition of pure ammonia advanced as a slow thermal explosion with very limited chemical runaway. The ignition delay could be reduced by more than two orders of magnitude through H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>O<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> addition, which causes only a minor increase in NO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> emissions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:40:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0da0205facd4426d82fa8d5655a54536 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:40:53Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-0da0205facd4426d82fa8d5655a545362022-12-22T04:01:35ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732019-11-011223442210.3390/en12234422en12234422Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH<sub>3</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Air MixturesAhmed T. Khalil0Dimitris M. Manias1Efstathios-Al. Tingas2Dimitrios C. Kyritsis3Dimitris A. Goussis4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAEDepartment of Mechanics, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 73 Athens, GreecePerth College, University of the Highlands and Islands, (UHI), Perth PH1 2NX, UKDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAEDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAEThe dynamics of a homogeneous adiabatic autoignition of an ammonia/air mixture at constant volume was studied, using the algorithmic tools of Computational Singular Perturbation. Since ammonia combustion is characterized by both unrealistically long ignition delays and elevated NO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> emissions, the time frame of action of the modes that are responsible for ignition was analyzed by calculating the developing time scales throughout the process and by studying their possible relation to NO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> emissions. The reactions that support or oppose the explosive time scale were identified, along with the variables that are related the most to the dynamics that drive the system to an explosion. It is shown that reaction H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>O<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> (+M) → OH + OH (+M) is the one contributing the most to the time scale that characterizes ignition and that its reactant H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>O<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> is the species related the most to this time scale. These findings suggested that addition of H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>O<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> in the initial mixture will influence strongly the evolution of the process. It was shown that ignition of pure ammonia advanced as a slow thermal explosion with very limited chemical runaway. The ignition delay could be reduced by more than two orders of magnitude through H<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>O<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> addition, which causes only a minor increase in NO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> emissions.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/23/4422explosive time scalescomputational singular perturbationautoignitionammoniaadditiveshydrogen peroxideignition delay controlno<sub>x</sub> |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed T. Khalil Dimitris M. Manias Efstathios-Al. Tingas Dimitrios C. Kyritsis Dimitris A. Goussis Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH<sub>3</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Air Mixtures Energies explosive time scales computational singular perturbation autoignition ammonia additives hydrogen peroxide ignition delay control no<sub>x</sub> |
| title | Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH<sub>3</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Air Mixtures |
| title_full | Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH<sub>3</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Air Mixtures |
| title_fullStr | Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH<sub>3</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Air Mixtures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH<sub>3</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Air Mixtures |
| title_short | Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH<sub>3</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Air Mixtures |
| title_sort | algorithmic analysis of chemical dynamics of the autoignition of nh sub 3 sub h sub 2 sub o sub 2 sub air mixtures |
| topic | explosive time scales computational singular perturbation autoignition ammonia additives hydrogen peroxide ignition delay control no<sub>x</sub> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/23/4422 |
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