Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis produces a wide range of secondary metabolites providing diverse plant growth-promoting and biocontrol abilities. These secondary metabolites include nonribosomal peptides with strong antimicrobial properties, causing either cell lysis, pore formation in fungal membranes,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2021-02-01
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| Series: | mSystems |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00770-20 |
| _version_ | 1818404792442028032 |
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| author | Heiko T. Kiesewalter Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade Mario Wibowo Mikael L. Strube Gergely Maróti Dan Snyder Tue Sparholt Jørgensen Thomas O. Larsen Vaughn S. Cooper Tilmann Weber Ákos T. Kovács |
| author_facet | Heiko T. Kiesewalter Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade Mario Wibowo Mikael L. Strube Gergely Maróti Dan Snyder Tue Sparholt Jørgensen Thomas O. Larsen Vaughn S. Cooper Tilmann Weber Ákos T. Kovács |
| author_sort | Heiko T. Kiesewalter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis produces a wide range of secondary metabolites providing diverse plant growth-promoting and biocontrol abilities. These secondary metabolites include nonribosomal peptides with strong antimicrobial properties, causing either cell lysis, pore formation in fungal membranes, inhibition of certain enzymes, or bacterial protein synthesis. However, the natural products of B. subtilis are mostly studied either in laboratory strains or in individual isolates, and therefore, a comparative overview of secondary metabolites from various environmental B. subtilis strains is missing. In this study, we isolated 23 B. subtilis strains from 11 sampling sites, compared the fungal inhibition profiles of wild types and their nonribosomal peptide mutants, followed the production of targeted lipopeptides, and determined the complete genomes of 13 soil isolates. We discovered that nonribosomal peptide production varied among B. subtilis strains coisolated from the same soil samples. In vitro antagonism assays revealed that biocontrol properties depend on the targeted plant pathogenic fungus and the tested B. subtilis isolate. While plipastatin alone is sufficient to inhibit Fusarium spp., a combination of plipastatin and surfactin is required to hinder growth of Botrytis cinerea. Detailed genomic analysis revealed that altered nonribosomal peptide production profiles in specific isolates are due to missing core genes, nonsense mutation, or potentially altered gene regulation. Our study combines microbiological antagonism assays with chemical nonribosomal peptide detection and biosynthetic gene cluster predictions in diverse B. subtilis soil isolates to provide a broader overview of the secondary metabolite chemodiversity of B. subtilis. IMPORTANCE Secondary or specialized metabolites with antimicrobial activities define the biocontrol properties of microorganisms. Members of the Bacillus genus produce a plethora of secondary metabolites, of which nonribosomally produced lipopeptides in particular display strong antifungal activity. To facilitate the prediction of the biocontrol potential of new Bacillus subtilis isolates, we have explored the in vitro antifungal inhibitory profiles of recent B. subtilis isolates, combined with analytical natural product chemistry, mutational analysis, and detailed genome analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters. Such a comparative analysis helped to explain why selected B. subtilis isolates lack the production of certain secondary metabolites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T08:45:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0da47f5f6b154431858c3f1d0d68459f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2379-5077 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T08:45:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | mSystems |
| spelling | doaj.art-0da47f5f6b154431858c3f1d0d68459f2022-12-21T23:09:10ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymSystems2379-50772021-02-016110.1128/mSystems.00770-20Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic FungiHeiko T. Kiesewalter0Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade1Mario Wibowo2Mikael L. Strube3Gergely Maróti4Dan Snyder5Tue Sparholt Jørgensen6Thomas O. Larsen7Vaughn S. Cooper8Tilmann Weber9Ákos T. Kovács10Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkBacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkNatural Product Discovery Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkBacterial Ecophysiology and Biotechnology Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkInstitute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, HungaryMicrobial Genome Sequencing Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USAThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkNatural Product Discovery Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkMicrobial Genome Sequencing Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USAThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkBacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis produces a wide range of secondary metabolites providing diverse plant growth-promoting and biocontrol abilities. These secondary metabolites include nonribosomal peptides with strong antimicrobial properties, causing either cell lysis, pore formation in fungal membranes, inhibition of certain enzymes, or bacterial protein synthesis. However, the natural products of B. subtilis are mostly studied either in laboratory strains or in individual isolates, and therefore, a comparative overview of secondary metabolites from various environmental B. subtilis strains is missing. In this study, we isolated 23 B. subtilis strains from 11 sampling sites, compared the fungal inhibition profiles of wild types and their nonribosomal peptide mutants, followed the production of targeted lipopeptides, and determined the complete genomes of 13 soil isolates. We discovered that nonribosomal peptide production varied among B. subtilis strains coisolated from the same soil samples. In vitro antagonism assays revealed that biocontrol properties depend on the targeted plant pathogenic fungus and the tested B. subtilis isolate. While plipastatin alone is sufficient to inhibit Fusarium spp., a combination of plipastatin and surfactin is required to hinder growth of Botrytis cinerea. Detailed genomic analysis revealed that altered nonribosomal peptide production profiles in specific isolates are due to missing core genes, nonsense mutation, or potentially altered gene regulation. Our study combines microbiological antagonism assays with chemical nonribosomal peptide detection and biosynthetic gene cluster predictions in diverse B. subtilis soil isolates to provide a broader overview of the secondary metabolite chemodiversity of B. subtilis. IMPORTANCE Secondary or specialized metabolites with antimicrobial activities define the biocontrol properties of microorganisms. Members of the Bacillus genus produce a plethora of secondary metabolites, of which nonribosomally produced lipopeptides in particular display strong antifungal activity. To facilitate the prediction of the biocontrol potential of new Bacillus subtilis isolates, we have explored the in vitro antifungal inhibitory profiles of recent B. subtilis isolates, combined with analytical natural product chemistry, mutational analysis, and detailed genome analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters. Such a comparative analysis helped to explain why selected B. subtilis isolates lack the production of certain secondary metabolites.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00770-20Bacillus subtilissecondary metabolitesfungal inhibitionantiSMASHbiosynthetic gene clusterschemodiversity |
| spellingShingle | Heiko T. Kiesewalter Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade Mario Wibowo Mikael L. Strube Gergely Maróti Dan Snyder Tue Sparholt Jørgensen Thomas O. Larsen Vaughn S. Cooper Tilmann Weber Ákos T. Kovács Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi mSystems Bacillus subtilis secondary metabolites fungal inhibition antiSMASH biosynthetic gene clusters chemodiversity |
| title | Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_full | Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_fullStr | Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_short | Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_sort | genomic and chemical diversity of named content content type genus species bacillus subtilis named content secondary metabolites against plant pathogenic fungi |
| topic | Bacillus subtilis secondary metabolites fungal inhibition antiSMASH biosynthetic gene clusters chemodiversity |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00770-20 |
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