Regulation of apoptosis by Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveals acclimation strategy to CO2 driven acidification
Ocean acidification (OA) has posed formidable threats to marine calcifiers. In response to elevated CO2 levels, marine calcifiers have developed multiple strategies to survive, such as taking advantage of apoptosis, but its regulation mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we used the Pacific oyst...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321003468 |
| _version_ | 1818603434200268800 |
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| author | Xiudan Wang Changmei Li Zhihao Jia Tongxiao Xu Yilin Wang Mingzhu Sun Shuhui Han Xia Wang Limei Qiu |
| author_facet | Xiudan Wang Changmei Li Zhihao Jia Tongxiao Xu Yilin Wang Mingzhu Sun Shuhui Han Xia Wang Limei Qiu |
| author_sort | Xiudan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ocean acidification (OA) has posed formidable threats to marine calcifiers. In response to elevated CO2 levels, marine calcifiers have developed multiple strategies to survive, such as taking advantage of apoptosis, but its regulation mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we used the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas as model to understand the apoptotic responses and regulation mechanism at short- (7 d) to long-term (56 d) CO2 exposure (pH = 7.50). The apoptosis of hemocytes was significantly induced after short-term treatment (7–21 d) but was suppressed under long-term CO2 exposure (42–56 d). Similarly, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were also increased post short-term exposure and fell back to normal levels after long-term exposure. These data together indicated diverse regulation mechanisms of apoptosis through different exposure periods. Through analysis of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family mitochondrial apoptosis regulators, we showed that only CgBcl-XL’s expression kept at high levels after 42- and 56-day CO2 exposure. CgBcl-XL shared sequence, and structural similarity with its mammalian counterpart, and knockdown of CgBcl-XL in hemocytes via RNA interference promoted apoptosis. The protein level of CgBcl-XL was significantly increased after long-term CO2 exposure (28–56 d), and its distribution in hemocytes became more concentrated and dense. Therefore, CgBcl-XL serves as an essential anti-apoptotic protein for tipping the balance of cell apoptosis, which may play a key role in survival under long-term CO2 exposure. These results reveal a potential adaptation strategy of oysters towards OA and the variable environment changes through the modulation of apoptosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T13:23:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0da7568f83ac4b94932ae272df3fa0d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T13:23:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-0da7568f83ac4b94932ae272df3fa0d02022-12-21T22:30:17ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132021-07-01217112235Regulation of apoptosis by Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveals acclimation strategy to CO2 driven acidificationXiudan Wang0Changmei Li1Zhihao Jia2Tongxiao Xu3Yilin Wang4Mingzhu Sun5Shuhui Han6Xia Wang7Limei Qiu8Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, ChinaCambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; Correspondence to: Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 42 Zhengzhou Street, Qingdao 266042, China.CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Correspondence to: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Street, Qingdao 266003, China.Ocean acidification (OA) has posed formidable threats to marine calcifiers. In response to elevated CO2 levels, marine calcifiers have developed multiple strategies to survive, such as taking advantage of apoptosis, but its regulation mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we used the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas as model to understand the apoptotic responses and regulation mechanism at short- (7 d) to long-term (56 d) CO2 exposure (pH = 7.50). The apoptosis of hemocytes was significantly induced after short-term treatment (7–21 d) but was suppressed under long-term CO2 exposure (42–56 d). Similarly, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were also increased post short-term exposure and fell back to normal levels after long-term exposure. These data together indicated diverse regulation mechanisms of apoptosis through different exposure periods. Through analysis of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family mitochondrial apoptosis regulators, we showed that only CgBcl-XL’s expression kept at high levels after 42- and 56-day CO2 exposure. CgBcl-XL shared sequence, and structural similarity with its mammalian counterpart, and knockdown of CgBcl-XL in hemocytes via RNA interference promoted apoptosis. The protein level of CgBcl-XL was significantly increased after long-term CO2 exposure (28–56 d), and its distribution in hemocytes became more concentrated and dense. Therefore, CgBcl-XL serves as an essential anti-apoptotic protein for tipping the balance of cell apoptosis, which may play a key role in survival under long-term CO2 exposure. These results reveal a potential adaptation strategy of oysters towards OA and the variable environment changes through the modulation of apoptosis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321003468Ocean acidificationCrassostrea gigasApoptosisCgBcl-XL |
| spellingShingle | Xiudan Wang Changmei Li Zhihao Jia Tongxiao Xu Yilin Wang Mingzhu Sun Shuhui Han Xia Wang Limei Qiu Regulation of apoptosis by Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveals acclimation strategy to CO2 driven acidification Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Ocean acidification Crassostrea gigas Apoptosis CgBcl-XL |
| title | Regulation of apoptosis by Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveals acclimation strategy to CO2 driven acidification |
| title_full | Regulation of apoptosis by Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveals acclimation strategy to CO2 driven acidification |
| title_fullStr | Regulation of apoptosis by Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveals acclimation strategy to CO2 driven acidification |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of apoptosis by Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveals acclimation strategy to CO2 driven acidification |
| title_short | Regulation of apoptosis by Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveals acclimation strategy to CO2 driven acidification |
| title_sort | regulation of apoptosis by pacific oyster crassostrea gigas reveals acclimation strategy to co2 driven acidification |
| topic | Ocean acidification Crassostrea gigas Apoptosis CgBcl-XL |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321003468 |
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