Rhinoceros beetle horn development reveals deep parallels with dung beetles.
Beetle horns are attractive models for studying the evolution of novel traits, as they display diverse shapes, sizes, and numbers among closely related species within the family Scarabaeidae. Horns radiated prolifically and independently in two distant subfamilies of scarabs, the dung beetles (Scara...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2018-10-01
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| Series: | PLoS Genetics |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6171792?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818294292271071232 |
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| author | Takahiro Ohde Shinichi Morita Shuji Shigenobu Junko Morita Takeshi Mizutani Hiroki Gotoh Robert A Zinna Moe Nakata Yuta Ito Kenshi Wada Yasuhiro Kitano Karen Yuzaki Kouhei Toga Mutsuki Mase Koji Kadota Jema Rushe Laura Corley Lavine Douglas J Emlen Teruyuki Niimi |
| author_facet | Takahiro Ohde Shinichi Morita Shuji Shigenobu Junko Morita Takeshi Mizutani Hiroki Gotoh Robert A Zinna Moe Nakata Yuta Ito Kenshi Wada Yasuhiro Kitano Karen Yuzaki Kouhei Toga Mutsuki Mase Koji Kadota Jema Rushe Laura Corley Lavine Douglas J Emlen Teruyuki Niimi |
| author_sort | Takahiro Ohde |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Beetle horns are attractive models for studying the evolution of novel traits, as they display diverse shapes, sizes, and numbers among closely related species within the family Scarabaeidae. Horns radiated prolifically and independently in two distant subfamilies of scarabs, the dung beetles (Scarabaeinae), and the rhinoceros beetles (Dynastinae). However, current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying horn diversification remains limited to a single genus of dung beetles, Onthophagus. Here we unveil 11 horn formation genes in a rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus. These 11 genes are mostly categorized as larval head- and appendage-patterning genes that also are involved in Onthophagus horn formation, suggesting the same suite of genes was recruited in each lineage during horn evolution. Although our RNAi analyses reveal interesting differences in the functions of a few of these genes, the overwhelming conclusion is that both head and thoracic horns develop similarly in Trypoxylus and Onthophagus, originating in the same developmental regions and deploying similar portions of appendage patterning networks during their growth. Our findings highlight deep parallels in the development of rhinoceros and dung beetle horns, suggesting either that both horn types arose in the common ancestor of all scarabs, a surprising reconstruction of horn evolution that would mean the majority of scarab species (~35,000) actively repress horn growth, or that parallel origins of these extravagant structures resulted from repeated co-option of the same underlying developmental processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T03:29:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0da8aeab21724770899e3dd7d60987f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7390 1553-7404 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T03:29:26Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-0da8aeab21724770899e3dd7d60987f32022-12-22T00:01:11ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Genetics1553-73901553-74042018-10-011410e100765110.1371/journal.pgen.1007651Rhinoceros beetle horn development reveals deep parallels with dung beetles.Takahiro OhdeShinichi MoritaShuji ShigenobuJunko MoritaTakeshi MizutaniHiroki GotohRobert A ZinnaMoe NakataYuta ItoKenshi WadaYasuhiro KitanoKaren YuzakiKouhei TogaMutsuki MaseKoji KadotaJema RusheLaura Corley LavineDouglas J EmlenTeruyuki NiimiBeetle horns are attractive models for studying the evolution of novel traits, as they display diverse shapes, sizes, and numbers among closely related species within the family Scarabaeidae. Horns radiated prolifically and independently in two distant subfamilies of scarabs, the dung beetles (Scarabaeinae), and the rhinoceros beetles (Dynastinae). However, current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying horn diversification remains limited to a single genus of dung beetles, Onthophagus. Here we unveil 11 horn formation genes in a rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus. These 11 genes are mostly categorized as larval head- and appendage-patterning genes that also are involved in Onthophagus horn formation, suggesting the same suite of genes was recruited in each lineage during horn evolution. Although our RNAi analyses reveal interesting differences in the functions of a few of these genes, the overwhelming conclusion is that both head and thoracic horns develop similarly in Trypoxylus and Onthophagus, originating in the same developmental regions and deploying similar portions of appendage patterning networks during their growth. Our findings highlight deep parallels in the development of rhinoceros and dung beetle horns, suggesting either that both horn types arose in the common ancestor of all scarabs, a surprising reconstruction of horn evolution that would mean the majority of scarab species (~35,000) actively repress horn growth, or that parallel origins of these extravagant structures resulted from repeated co-option of the same underlying developmental processes.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6171792?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Takahiro Ohde Shinichi Morita Shuji Shigenobu Junko Morita Takeshi Mizutani Hiroki Gotoh Robert A Zinna Moe Nakata Yuta Ito Kenshi Wada Yasuhiro Kitano Karen Yuzaki Kouhei Toga Mutsuki Mase Koji Kadota Jema Rushe Laura Corley Lavine Douglas J Emlen Teruyuki Niimi Rhinoceros beetle horn development reveals deep parallels with dung beetles. PLoS Genetics |
| title | Rhinoceros beetle horn development reveals deep parallels with dung beetles. |
| title_full | Rhinoceros beetle horn development reveals deep parallels with dung beetles. |
| title_fullStr | Rhinoceros beetle horn development reveals deep parallels with dung beetles. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rhinoceros beetle horn development reveals deep parallels with dung beetles. |
| title_short | Rhinoceros beetle horn development reveals deep parallels with dung beetles. |
| title_sort | rhinoceros beetle horn development reveals deep parallels with dung beetles |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6171792?pdf=render |
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