Bill Variation of Captive and Wild Chukar Partridge Populations: Shape or Size
Traditionally, morphological characters are widely used to distinguish between interspecies and intraspecies. In addition to the size of morphological characters, shape has also been used as an indicator in the last decades. We evaluated the geometric morphometry and morphometric of the bill of Chuk...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/1/48 |
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| author | Tamer Albayrak Ahmet İhsan Aytek |
| author_facet | Tamer Albayrak Ahmet İhsan Aytek |
| author_sort | Tamer Albayrak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Traditionally, morphological characters are widely used to distinguish between interspecies and intraspecies. In addition to the size of morphological characters, shape has also been used as an indicator in the last decades. We evaluated the geometric morphometry and morphometric of the bill of Chukar Partridge, <i>Alectoris chukar</i> from captive and wild populations to determine the bill variation and population relationships. Although there was a size difference between the sexes, no shape difference was found. However, captive populations differed from wild populations in both size and shape. Although there was no difference in shape among wild populations, some differences were found in size. Moreover, bill sizes of captive populations were statistically longer than western, centre, and eastern wild populations. It was also shown that the western populations had the most significant variation among the wild populations. The results revealed that using the size and shape together was more effective in comparing populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:37:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0db31669b0c34386b751d4bdfba510c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-2818 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:37:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diversity |
| spelling | doaj.art-0db31669b0c34386b751d4bdfba510c22023-11-23T13:31:12ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182022-01-011414810.3390/d14010048Bill Variation of Captive and Wild Chukar Partridge Populations: Shape or SizeTamer Albayrak0Ahmet İhsan Aytek1Department of Biology, Science and Art Faculty, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100 Burdur, TurkeyDepartment of Anthropology, Science and Art Faculty, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100 Burdur, TurkeyTraditionally, morphological characters are widely used to distinguish between interspecies and intraspecies. In addition to the size of morphological characters, shape has also been used as an indicator in the last decades. We evaluated the geometric morphometry and morphometric of the bill of Chukar Partridge, <i>Alectoris chukar</i> from captive and wild populations to determine the bill variation and population relationships. Although there was a size difference between the sexes, no shape difference was found. However, captive populations differed from wild populations in both size and shape. Although there was no difference in shape among wild populations, some differences were found in size. Moreover, bill sizes of captive populations were statistically longer than western, centre, and eastern wild populations. It was also shown that the western populations had the most significant variation among the wild populations. The results revealed that using the size and shape together was more effective in comparing populations.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/1/48<i>Alectoris chukar</i>gamebirdsgeometric morphometricsmorphometrymorphological diversity |
| spellingShingle | Tamer Albayrak Ahmet İhsan Aytek Bill Variation of Captive and Wild Chukar Partridge Populations: Shape or Size Diversity <i>Alectoris chukar</i> gamebirds geometric morphometrics morphometry morphological diversity |
| title | Bill Variation of Captive and Wild Chukar Partridge Populations: Shape or Size |
| title_full | Bill Variation of Captive and Wild Chukar Partridge Populations: Shape or Size |
| title_fullStr | Bill Variation of Captive and Wild Chukar Partridge Populations: Shape or Size |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bill Variation of Captive and Wild Chukar Partridge Populations: Shape or Size |
| title_short | Bill Variation of Captive and Wild Chukar Partridge Populations: Shape or Size |
| title_sort | bill variation of captive and wild chukar partridge populations shape or size |
| topic | <i>Alectoris chukar</i> gamebirds geometric morphometrics morphometry morphological diversity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/1/48 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tameralbayrak billvariationofcaptiveandwildchukarpartridgepopulationsshapeorsize AT ahmetihsanaytek billvariationofcaptiveandwildchukarpartridgepopulationsshapeorsize |