Solutions of Critical Raw Materials Issues Regarding Iron-Based Alloys
The Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) list has been defined based on economic importance and supply risk by the European Commission. This review paper describes two issues regarding critical raw materials: the possibilities of their substitution in iron-based alloys and the use of iron-based alloys inst...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/899 |
| _version_ | 1797396563198214144 |
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| author | Pavel Novák Tiziano Bellezze Marcello Cabibbo Ernst Gamsjäger Manfred Wiessner Dragan Rajnovic Lucyna Jaworska Pavel Hanus Andrei Shishkin Gaurav Goel Saurav Goel |
| author_facet | Pavel Novák Tiziano Bellezze Marcello Cabibbo Ernst Gamsjäger Manfred Wiessner Dragan Rajnovic Lucyna Jaworska Pavel Hanus Andrei Shishkin Gaurav Goel Saurav Goel |
| author_sort | Pavel Novák |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) list has been defined based on economic importance and supply risk by the European Commission. This review paper describes two issues regarding critical raw materials: the possibilities of their substitution in iron-based alloys and the use of iron-based alloys instead of other materials in order to save CRMs. This review covers strategies for saving chromium in stainless steel, substitution or lowering the amounts of carbide-forming elements (especially tungsten and vanadium) in tool steel and alternative iron-based CRM-free and low-CRM materials: austempered ductile cast iron, high-temperature alloys based on intermetallics of iron and sintered diamond tools with an iron-containing low-cobalt binder. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:53:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0db75a9eae03477baf11e21881e0a78b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:53:12Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-0db75a9eae03477baf11e21881e0a78b2023-12-11T17:01:02ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-02-0114489910.3390/ma14040899Solutions of Critical Raw Materials Issues Regarding Iron-Based AlloysPavel Novák0Tiziano Bellezze1Marcello Cabibbo2Ernst Gamsjäger3Manfred Wiessner4Dragan Rajnovic5Lucyna Jaworska6Pavel Hanus7Andrei Shishkin8Gaurav Goel9Saurav Goel10Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche (DIISM), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, ItalyInstitute of Mechanics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, AustriaAnton Paar GmbH, Anton-Paar-Str. 20, 8054 Graz, AustriaDepartment of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technical Science, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaFaculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech RepublicRudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaSchool of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UKSchool of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UKThe Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) list has been defined based on economic importance and supply risk by the European Commission. This review paper describes two issues regarding critical raw materials: the possibilities of their substitution in iron-based alloys and the use of iron-based alloys instead of other materials in order to save CRMs. This review covers strategies for saving chromium in stainless steel, substitution or lowering the amounts of carbide-forming elements (especially tungsten and vanadium) in tool steel and alternative iron-based CRM-free and low-CRM materials: austempered ductile cast iron, high-temperature alloys based on intermetallics of iron and sintered diamond tools with an iron-containing low-cobalt binder.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/899critical raw materialssubstitutionironalloy |
| spellingShingle | Pavel Novák Tiziano Bellezze Marcello Cabibbo Ernst Gamsjäger Manfred Wiessner Dragan Rajnovic Lucyna Jaworska Pavel Hanus Andrei Shishkin Gaurav Goel Saurav Goel Solutions of Critical Raw Materials Issues Regarding Iron-Based Alloys Materials critical raw materials substitution iron alloy |
| title | Solutions of Critical Raw Materials Issues Regarding Iron-Based Alloys |
| title_full | Solutions of Critical Raw Materials Issues Regarding Iron-Based Alloys |
| title_fullStr | Solutions of Critical Raw Materials Issues Regarding Iron-Based Alloys |
| title_full_unstemmed | Solutions of Critical Raw Materials Issues Regarding Iron-Based Alloys |
| title_short | Solutions of Critical Raw Materials Issues Regarding Iron-Based Alloys |
| title_sort | solutions of critical raw materials issues regarding iron based alloys |
| topic | critical raw materials substitution iron alloy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/899 |
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