Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters cells through angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which expression of its gene increases during pregnancy that is resulted in an enhanced level of the ACE2 enzyme. It might enhance the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its comp...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Royan Institute (ACECR), Tehran
2022-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Fertility and Sterility |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ijfs.ir/article_249426_f31a25ae99ce7b4db6de55451aef3588.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818202277952880640 |
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| author | Babak Sayad Zeinab Mohseni Afshar Feizollah Mansouri Mehdi Salimi Ronak Miladi Somayeh Rahimi Zohreh Rahimi Maria Shirvani |
| author_facet | Babak Sayad Zeinab Mohseni Afshar Feizollah Mansouri Mehdi Salimi Ronak Miladi Somayeh Rahimi Zohreh Rahimi Maria Shirvani |
| author_sort | Babak Sayad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters cells through angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which expression of its gene increases during pregnancy that is resulted in an enhanced level of the ACE2 enzyme. It might enhance the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications in the pregnant women. Although, pregnancy hypertensive disorders and severe infection with SARS-CoV-2 are correlated with high comorbidity, these two entities should be discriminated from each other. Also, there is a concern about the risk of preeclampsia and consequently severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) development in the pregnant women. So, to answer these questions, in the present review the literature was surveyed. It seems there is higher severity of COVID-19 among pregnant women than non-pregnant women and more adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, an association between COVID-19 with preeclampsia and the role of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications is suggested. However, infection of the placenta and the SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission is rare. Various mechanisms could explain the role of COVID-19 in the risk of preeclampsia and association between preeclampsia and COVID-19. Suggested mechanisms are included decreased ACE2 activity and imbalance between Ang II and Ang-(1-7) in preeclampsia, association of both of severe forms of COVID-19 and pregnancy hypertensive disorders with comorbidity, and interaction between immune system, inflammatory cytokines and the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and its contribution to the hypertension pathogenesis. It is concluded that preeclampsia and gestational hypertension might be risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T03:06:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0dc53f4c3dd04d9db99d7d2e4d754a49 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-076X 2008-0778 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T03:06:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Royan Institute (ACECR), Tehran |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Fertility and Sterility |
| spelling | doaj.art-0dc53f4c3dd04d9db99d7d2e4d754a492022-12-22T00:40:30ZengRoyan Institute (ACECR), TehranInternational Journal of Fertility and Sterility2008-076X2008-07782022-04-01162646910.22074/ijfs.2022.539768.1194249426Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review StudyBabak Sayad0Zeinab Mohseni Afshar1Feizollah Mansouri2Mehdi Salimi3Ronak Miladi4Somayeh Rahimi5Zohreh Rahimi6Maria Shirvani7Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Department of Internal Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters cells through angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which expression of its gene increases during pregnancy that is resulted in an enhanced level of the ACE2 enzyme. It might enhance the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications in the pregnant women. Although, pregnancy hypertensive disorders and severe infection with SARS-CoV-2 are correlated with high comorbidity, these two entities should be discriminated from each other. Also, there is a concern about the risk of preeclampsia and consequently severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) development in the pregnant women. So, to answer these questions, in the present review the literature was surveyed. It seems there is higher severity of COVID-19 among pregnant women than non-pregnant women and more adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, an association between COVID-19 with preeclampsia and the role of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications is suggested. However, infection of the placenta and the SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission is rare. Various mechanisms could explain the role of COVID-19 in the risk of preeclampsia and association between preeclampsia and COVID-19. Suggested mechanisms are included decreased ACE2 activity and imbalance between Ang II and Ang-(1-7) in preeclampsia, association of both of severe forms of COVID-19 and pregnancy hypertensive disorders with comorbidity, and interaction between immune system, inflammatory cytokines and the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and its contribution to the hypertension pathogenesis. It is concluded that preeclampsia and gestational hypertension might be risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications.https://www.ijfs.ir/article_249426_f31a25ae99ce7b4db6de55451aef3588.pdfcomorbiditycovid-19preeclampsiapregnancyrenin angiotensin aldosterone system |
| spellingShingle | Babak Sayad Zeinab Mohseni Afshar Feizollah Mansouri Mehdi Salimi Ronak Miladi Somayeh Rahimi Zohreh Rahimi Maria Shirvani Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study International Journal of Fertility and Sterility comorbidity covid-19 preeclampsia pregnancy renin angiotensin aldosterone system |
| title | Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study |
| title_full | Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study |
| title_fullStr | Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study |
| title_short | Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Mechanisms: A Review Study |
| title_sort | pregnancy preeclampsia and covid 19 susceptibility and mechanisms a review study |
| topic | comorbidity covid-19 preeclampsia pregnancy renin angiotensin aldosterone system |
| url | https://www.ijfs.ir/article_249426_f31a25ae99ce7b4db6de55451aef3588.pdf |
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