Comparison of Model-Based and Sensor-Based Detection of Thermal Runaway in Li-Ion Battery Modules for Automotive Application
In recent years, research on lithium–ion (Li-ion) battery safety and fault detection has become an important topic, providing a broad range of methods for evaluating the cell state based on voltage and temperature measurements. However, other measurement quantities and close-to-application test setu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/8/4/34 |
| _version_ | 1797436864647397376 |
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| author | Jacob Klink André Hebenbrock Jens Grabow Nury Orazov Ulf Nylén Ralf Benger Hans-Peter Beck |
| author_facet | Jacob Klink André Hebenbrock Jens Grabow Nury Orazov Ulf Nylén Ralf Benger Hans-Peter Beck |
| author_sort | Jacob Klink |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, research on lithium–ion (Li-ion) battery safety and fault detection has become an important topic, providing a broad range of methods for evaluating the cell state based on voltage and temperature measurements. However, other measurement quantities and close-to-application test setups have only been sparsely considered, and there has been no comparison in between methods. In this work, the feasibility of a multi-sensor setup for the detection of Thermal Runaway failure of automotive-size Li-ion battery modules have been investigated in comparison to a model-based approach. For experimental validation, Thermal Runaway tests were conducted in a close-to-application configuration of module and battery case—triggered by external heating with two different heating rates. By two repetitions of each experiment, a high accordance of characteristics and results has been achieved and the signal feasibility for fault detection has been discussed. The model-based method, that had previously been published, recognised the thermal fault in the fastest way—significantly prior to the required 5 min pre-warning time. This requirement was also achieved with smoke and gas sensors in most test runs. Additional criteria for evaluating detection approaches besides detection time have been discussed to provide a good starting point for choosing a suitable approach that is dependent on application defined requirements, e.g., acceptable complexity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:08:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0dc8f5d1210d429c8329b998ad136629 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:08:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-0dc8f5d1210d429c8329b998ad1366292023-12-01T00:48:54ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052022-04-01843410.3390/batteries8040034Comparison of Model-Based and Sensor-Based Detection of Thermal Runaway in Li-Ion Battery Modules for Automotive ApplicationJacob Klink0André Hebenbrock1Jens Grabow2Nury Orazov3Ulf Nylén4Ralf Benger5Hans-Peter Beck6Research Center Energy Storage Technologies, Clausthal University of Technology, Am Stollen 19A, 38640 Goslar, GermanyResearch Center Energy Storage Technologies, Clausthal University of Technology, Am Stollen 19A, 38640 Goslar, GermanyResearch Center Energy Storage Technologies, Clausthal University of Technology, Am Stollen 19A, 38640 Goslar, GermanyResearch Center Energy Storage Technologies, Clausthal University of Technology, Am Stollen 19A, 38640 Goslar, GermanyBattery Performance & Cell Development, Scania CV AB, 151 87 Södertälje, SwedenResearch Center Energy Storage Technologies, Clausthal University of Technology, Am Stollen 19A, 38640 Goslar, GermanyInstitute of Electrical Power Engineering and Electrical Energy Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 28, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, GermanyIn recent years, research on lithium–ion (Li-ion) battery safety and fault detection has become an important topic, providing a broad range of methods for evaluating the cell state based on voltage and temperature measurements. However, other measurement quantities and close-to-application test setups have only been sparsely considered, and there has been no comparison in between methods. In this work, the feasibility of a multi-sensor setup for the detection of Thermal Runaway failure of automotive-size Li-ion battery modules have been investigated in comparison to a model-based approach. For experimental validation, Thermal Runaway tests were conducted in a close-to-application configuration of module and battery case—triggered by external heating with two different heating rates. By two repetitions of each experiment, a high accordance of characteristics and results has been achieved and the signal feasibility for fault detection has been discussed. The model-based method, that had previously been published, recognised the thermal fault in the fastest way—significantly prior to the required 5 min pre-warning time. This requirement was also achieved with smoke and gas sensors in most test runs. Additional criteria for evaluating detection approaches besides detection time have been discussed to provide a good starting point for choosing a suitable approach that is dependent on application defined requirements, e.g., acceptable complexity.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/8/4/34lithium-ion battery modulefault detectionthermal runawaythermal faultexternal heatingbattery safety |
| spellingShingle | Jacob Klink André Hebenbrock Jens Grabow Nury Orazov Ulf Nylén Ralf Benger Hans-Peter Beck Comparison of Model-Based and Sensor-Based Detection of Thermal Runaway in Li-Ion Battery Modules for Automotive Application Batteries lithium-ion battery module fault detection thermal runaway thermal fault external heating battery safety |
| title | Comparison of Model-Based and Sensor-Based Detection of Thermal Runaway in Li-Ion Battery Modules for Automotive Application |
| title_full | Comparison of Model-Based and Sensor-Based Detection of Thermal Runaway in Li-Ion Battery Modules for Automotive Application |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Model-Based and Sensor-Based Detection of Thermal Runaway in Li-Ion Battery Modules for Automotive Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Model-Based and Sensor-Based Detection of Thermal Runaway in Li-Ion Battery Modules for Automotive Application |
| title_short | Comparison of Model-Based and Sensor-Based Detection of Thermal Runaway in Li-Ion Battery Modules for Automotive Application |
| title_sort | comparison of model based and sensor based detection of thermal runaway in li ion battery modules for automotive application |
| topic | lithium-ion battery module fault detection thermal runaway thermal fault external heating battery safety |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/8/4/34 |
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