Innate Immune Memory in Monocytes and Macrophages: The Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a complex metabolic disease characterized by the dysfunction of lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation in the intimal space of the vessel. As the most abundant innate immune cells, monocyte-derived macrophages play a pivotal role in the inflammatory response, cholesterol metabo...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/24/4072 |
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| author | Zhigang Guo Lixue Wang Hongjian Liu Yuhuai Xie |
| author_facet | Zhigang Guo Lixue Wang Hongjian Liu Yuhuai Xie |
| author_sort | Zhigang Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atherosclerosis is a complex metabolic disease characterized by the dysfunction of lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation in the intimal space of the vessel. As the most abundant innate immune cells, monocyte-derived macrophages play a pivotal role in the inflammatory response, cholesterol metabolism, and foam cell formation. In recent decades, it has been demonstrated that monocytes and macrophages can establish innate immune memory (also termed trained immunity) via endogenous and exogenous atherogenic stimuli and exhibit a long-lasting proinflammatory phenotype. The important cellular metabolism processes, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid synthesis, and cholesterol synthesis, are reprogrammed. Trained monocytes/macrophages with innate immune memory can be persistently hyperactivated and can undergo extensive epigenetic rewiring, which contributes to the pathophysiological development of atherosclerosis via increased proinflammatory cytokine production and lipid accumulation. Here, we provide an overview of the regulation of cellular metabolic processes and epigenetic modifications of innate immune memory in monocytes/macrophages as well as the potential endogenous and exogenous stimulations involved in the progression of atherosclerosis that have been reported recently. These elucidations might be beneficial for further understanding innate immune memory and the development of therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases and atherosclerosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:12:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0dcf81d0da524dbf80920ac900040a9c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:12:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-0dcf81d0da524dbf80920ac900040a9c2023-11-24T13:55:21ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-12-011124407210.3390/cells11244072Innate Immune Memory in Monocytes and Macrophages: The Potential Therapeutic Strategies for AtherosclerosisZhigang Guo0Lixue Wang1Hongjian Liu2Yuhuai Xie3Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450006, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an 271000, ChinaHuanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450006, ChinaAtherosclerosis is a complex metabolic disease characterized by the dysfunction of lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation in the intimal space of the vessel. As the most abundant innate immune cells, monocyte-derived macrophages play a pivotal role in the inflammatory response, cholesterol metabolism, and foam cell formation. In recent decades, it has been demonstrated that monocytes and macrophages can establish innate immune memory (also termed trained immunity) via endogenous and exogenous atherogenic stimuli and exhibit a long-lasting proinflammatory phenotype. The important cellular metabolism processes, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid synthesis, and cholesterol synthesis, are reprogrammed. Trained monocytes/macrophages with innate immune memory can be persistently hyperactivated and can undergo extensive epigenetic rewiring, which contributes to the pathophysiological development of atherosclerosis via increased proinflammatory cytokine production and lipid accumulation. Here, we provide an overview of the regulation of cellular metabolic processes and epigenetic modifications of innate immune memory in monocytes/macrophages as well as the potential endogenous and exogenous stimulations involved in the progression of atherosclerosis that have been reported recently. These elucidations might be beneficial for further understanding innate immune memory and the development of therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases and atherosclerosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/24/4072atherosclerosisinnate immune memorymetabolic reprogrammingepigenetic rewiringmacrophage |
| spellingShingle | Zhigang Guo Lixue Wang Hongjian Liu Yuhuai Xie Innate Immune Memory in Monocytes and Macrophages: The Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Atherosclerosis Cells atherosclerosis innate immune memory metabolic reprogramming epigenetic rewiring macrophage |
| title | Innate Immune Memory in Monocytes and Macrophages: The Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Atherosclerosis |
| title_full | Innate Immune Memory in Monocytes and Macrophages: The Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Atherosclerosis |
| title_fullStr | Innate Immune Memory in Monocytes and Macrophages: The Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Atherosclerosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Innate Immune Memory in Monocytes and Macrophages: The Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Atherosclerosis |
| title_short | Innate Immune Memory in Monocytes and Macrophages: The Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Atherosclerosis |
| title_sort | innate immune memory in monocytes and macrophages the potential therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis |
| topic | atherosclerosis innate immune memory metabolic reprogramming epigenetic rewiring macrophage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/24/4072 |
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