CHANGES IN SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODY PREVALENCE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS DURING THE EMERGENCE OF THE OMICRON VARIANT: THE UK SCHOOLS INFECTION SURVEYS
Intro: Children and Young people were the last group in England be offered COVID-19 vaccination (from September 2021), thus were the largest susceptible group when SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants emerged. We monitored vaccine and naturally-derived antibodies in schools between November 2021 and March 20...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971223004551 |
| _version_ | 1797824551409680384 |
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| author | P. Nguipdop-Djomo A. Lacey J. Poh G. Ireland E. McClenaghan P. Jones F. Dawe E. Rourke S. Ladhani P. Mangtani |
| author_facet | P. Nguipdop-Djomo A. Lacey J. Poh G. Ireland E. McClenaghan P. Jones F. Dawe E. Rourke S. Ladhani P. Mangtani |
| author_sort | P. Nguipdop-Djomo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Intro: Children and Young people were the last group in England be offered COVID-19 vaccination (from September 2021), thus were the largest susceptible group when SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants emerged. We monitored vaccine and naturally-derived antibodies in schools between November 2021 and March 2022. Methods: We conducted three large surveys (November 2021, January and March 2022) in a nationally representative random sample of primary and secondary schools, stratified by regions. Oral fluid samples were tested for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (anti-NP) and spike (anti-S1) proteins using novel validated ELISAs; vaccines used in England elicit anti-S1 antibodies only. We calculated weighted prevalences for each survey, and used multilevel logistic regression to investigate associations with socio-demographic factors. Findings: Overall 11311 students contributed 22478 biological samples (respectively 4840, 7549 and 10089 in rounds 1, 2 and 3, with similar socio- demographic characteristics). In 4-11 year olds, not eligible for vaccination, anti- S1 and anti-NP antibody prevalences were 31.3% and 26.6%, 46.2% and 43.8%, and 53.4% and 58.7% respectively over the three rounds. The corresponding estimates in 12 to 18 year olds) were 70.7% and 34.6%, 85.6% and 45.9%, 89.0 and 53.9%. In November 2021 (before Omicron dominance), higher anti-S1 antibody positivity was associated with older age and Black ethnicity, and non- eligibility for free school meals in 4-11 year olds. In 12-18 years it was associated with non-eligibility for free school meals. In March 2022 when Omicron dominated, these associations remained, together with urban location in 4-11 years old. Conclusion: The steep increase in 4-11 year olds in both sets of antibodies reflected the emergence and spread of highly infectious Omicron variants whilst high and increasing anti-S1 prevalence in secondary students was consistent with greater vaccine uptake. Socioeconomically deprived 12-18 year olds had lower odds of anti-S1, suggesting lower vaccine uptake or access. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:39:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ddb4d94b1164ef489563e5ec2c03584 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1201-9712 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:39:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ddb4d94b1164ef489563e5ec2c035842023-05-18T04:39:02ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97122023-05-01130S132CHANGES IN SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODY PREVALENCE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS DURING THE EMERGENCE OF THE OMICRON VARIANT: THE UK SCHOOLS INFECTION SURVEYSP. Nguipdop-Djomo0A. Lacey1J. Poh2G. Ireland3E. McClenaghan4P. Jones5F. Dawe6E. Rourke7S. Ladhani8P. Mangtani9London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London, United KingdomOffice for National Statistics, Health Analysis & Pandemic Insight, Newport, United KingdomUK Health Security Agency, Public Health Programmes, London, United KingdomUK Health Security Agency, Public Health Programmes, London, United KingdomLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London, United KingdomOffice for National Statistics, Health Analysis & Pandemic Insight, Newport, United KingdomOffice for National Statistics, Health Analysis & Pandemic Insight, Newport, United KingdomOffice for National Statistics, Health Analysis & Pandemic Insight, Newport, United KingdomUK Health Security Agency, Public Health Programmes, London, United KingdomLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London, United KingdomIntro: Children and Young people were the last group in England be offered COVID-19 vaccination (from September 2021), thus were the largest susceptible group when SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants emerged. We monitored vaccine and naturally-derived antibodies in schools between November 2021 and March 2022. Methods: We conducted three large surveys (November 2021, January and March 2022) in a nationally representative random sample of primary and secondary schools, stratified by regions. Oral fluid samples were tested for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (anti-NP) and spike (anti-S1) proteins using novel validated ELISAs; vaccines used in England elicit anti-S1 antibodies only. We calculated weighted prevalences for each survey, and used multilevel logistic regression to investigate associations with socio-demographic factors. Findings: Overall 11311 students contributed 22478 biological samples (respectively 4840, 7549 and 10089 in rounds 1, 2 and 3, with similar socio- demographic characteristics). In 4-11 year olds, not eligible for vaccination, anti- S1 and anti-NP antibody prevalences were 31.3% and 26.6%, 46.2% and 43.8%, and 53.4% and 58.7% respectively over the three rounds. The corresponding estimates in 12 to 18 year olds) were 70.7% and 34.6%, 85.6% and 45.9%, 89.0 and 53.9%. In November 2021 (before Omicron dominance), higher anti-S1 antibody positivity was associated with older age and Black ethnicity, and non- eligibility for free school meals in 4-11 year olds. In 12-18 years it was associated with non-eligibility for free school meals. In March 2022 when Omicron dominated, these associations remained, together with urban location in 4-11 years old. Conclusion: The steep increase in 4-11 year olds in both sets of antibodies reflected the emergence and spread of highly infectious Omicron variants whilst high and increasing anti-S1 prevalence in secondary students was consistent with greater vaccine uptake. Socioeconomically deprived 12-18 year olds had lower odds of anti-S1, suggesting lower vaccine uptake or access.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971223004551 |
| spellingShingle | P. Nguipdop-Djomo A. Lacey J. Poh G. Ireland E. McClenaghan P. Jones F. Dawe E. Rourke S. Ladhani P. Mangtani CHANGES IN SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODY PREVALENCE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS DURING THE EMERGENCE OF THE OMICRON VARIANT: THE UK SCHOOLS INFECTION SURVEYS International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| title | CHANGES IN SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODY PREVALENCE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS DURING THE EMERGENCE OF THE OMICRON VARIANT: THE UK SCHOOLS INFECTION SURVEYS |
| title_full | CHANGES IN SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODY PREVALENCE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS DURING THE EMERGENCE OF THE OMICRON VARIANT: THE UK SCHOOLS INFECTION SURVEYS |
| title_fullStr | CHANGES IN SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODY PREVALENCE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS DURING THE EMERGENCE OF THE OMICRON VARIANT: THE UK SCHOOLS INFECTION SURVEYS |
| title_full_unstemmed | CHANGES IN SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODY PREVALENCE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS DURING THE EMERGENCE OF THE OMICRON VARIANT: THE UK SCHOOLS INFECTION SURVEYS |
| title_short | CHANGES IN SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODY PREVALENCE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS DURING THE EMERGENCE OF THE OMICRON VARIANT: THE UK SCHOOLS INFECTION SURVEYS |
| title_sort | changes in sars cov 2 antibody prevalence in primary and secondary schools students during the emergence of the omicron variant the uk schools infection surveys |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971223004551 |
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