Mapping electric vehicle impacts: greenhouse gas emissions, fuel costs, and energy justice in the United States
The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) will impact the climate, the environment, and society in highly significant ways. This study compares EVs to vehicles with internal combustion engines for three major areas: greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), fuel costs, and transportation energy burden (i.e....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Environmental Research Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aca4e6 |
| _version_ | 1797747213261078528 |
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| author | Jesse Vega-Perkins Joshua P Newell Gregory Keoleian |
| author_facet | Jesse Vega-Perkins Joshua P Newell Gregory Keoleian |
| author_sort | Jesse Vega-Perkins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) will impact the climate, the environment, and society in highly significant ways. This study compares EVs to vehicles with internal combustion engines for three major areas: greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), fuel costs, and transportation energy burden (i.e. percentage of income spent on vehicle fuels). Excluded in the analysis is the purchase cost of the vehicles themselves. The results reveal that over 90% of vehicle-owning U.S. households would see reductions in both GHGs and transportation energy burden by adopting an EV. For 60% of households these savings would be moderate to high (i.e. >2.3 metric tons of CO _2 e reduction per household annually and >0.6% of energy burden reduction). These reductions are especially pronounced in the American West (e.g. California, Washington) and parts of the Northeast (e.g. New York) primarily due to a varying combination of cleaner electricity grids, lower electricity prices (relative to gas prices), and smaller drive-cycle and temperature-related impacts on fuel efficiency. Moreover, adopting an EV would more than double the percentage of households that enjoy a low transportation energy burden (<2% of income spent on fuel annually). This equates to 80% of all vehicle-owning U.S. households. Nevertheless, over half of the lowest income households would still have a high EV energy burden (>4% income spent on fuel annually), and if at-home charging is unavailable, this rises to over 75 percent. Addressing this inequity hinges on three major interventions: 1) targeted policies to promote energy justice in lower-income communities, including subsidizing charging infrastructure; 2) strategies to reduce electricity costs; and 3) expanding access to low-carbon transport infrastructure (e.g. public transit, biking, and car sharing). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:48:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ddc7c6793f146068ff8cd553f16ab5d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1748-9326 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:48:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ddc7c6793f146068ff8cd553f16ab5d2023-08-09T15:19:20ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research Letters1748-93262023-01-0118101402710.1088/1748-9326/aca4e6Mapping electric vehicle impacts: greenhouse gas emissions, fuel costs, and energy justice in the United StatesJesse Vega-Perkins0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8642-5389Joshua P Newell1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1440-8715Gregory Keoleian2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-1304Center for Sustainable Systems, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan , 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, United States of AmericaCenter for Sustainable Systems, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan , 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, United States of AmericaCenter for Sustainable Systems, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan , 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, United States of AmericaThe transition to electric vehicles (EVs) will impact the climate, the environment, and society in highly significant ways. This study compares EVs to vehicles with internal combustion engines for three major areas: greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), fuel costs, and transportation energy burden (i.e. percentage of income spent on vehicle fuels). Excluded in the analysis is the purchase cost of the vehicles themselves. The results reveal that over 90% of vehicle-owning U.S. households would see reductions in both GHGs and transportation energy burden by adopting an EV. For 60% of households these savings would be moderate to high (i.e. >2.3 metric tons of CO _2 e reduction per household annually and >0.6% of energy burden reduction). These reductions are especially pronounced in the American West (e.g. California, Washington) and parts of the Northeast (e.g. New York) primarily due to a varying combination of cleaner electricity grids, lower electricity prices (relative to gas prices), and smaller drive-cycle and temperature-related impacts on fuel efficiency. Moreover, adopting an EV would more than double the percentage of households that enjoy a low transportation energy burden (<2% of income spent on fuel annually). This equates to 80% of all vehicle-owning U.S. households. Nevertheless, over half of the lowest income households would still have a high EV energy burden (>4% income spent on fuel annually), and if at-home charging is unavailable, this rises to over 75 percent. Addressing this inequity hinges on three major interventions: 1) targeted policies to promote energy justice in lower-income communities, including subsidizing charging infrastructure; 2) strategies to reduce electricity costs; and 3) expanding access to low-carbon transport infrastructure (e.g. public transit, biking, and car sharing).https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aca4e6electric vehiclesdecarbonizationlife cycle greenhouse gas emissionsfuel costslevelized cost of chargingtransportation energy burden |
| spellingShingle | Jesse Vega-Perkins Joshua P Newell Gregory Keoleian Mapping electric vehicle impacts: greenhouse gas emissions, fuel costs, and energy justice in the United States Environmental Research Letters electric vehicles decarbonization life cycle greenhouse gas emissions fuel costs levelized cost of charging transportation energy burden |
| title | Mapping electric vehicle impacts: greenhouse gas emissions, fuel costs, and energy justice in the United States |
| title_full | Mapping electric vehicle impacts: greenhouse gas emissions, fuel costs, and energy justice in the United States |
| title_fullStr | Mapping electric vehicle impacts: greenhouse gas emissions, fuel costs, and energy justice in the United States |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mapping electric vehicle impacts: greenhouse gas emissions, fuel costs, and energy justice in the United States |
| title_short | Mapping electric vehicle impacts: greenhouse gas emissions, fuel costs, and energy justice in the United States |
| title_sort | mapping electric vehicle impacts greenhouse gas emissions fuel costs and energy justice in the united states |
| topic | electric vehicles decarbonization life cycle greenhouse gas emissions fuel costs levelized cost of charging transportation energy burden |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aca4e6 |
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