Bimetallic Substituted Ceria: An Alternative Approach to Ligand-Free Heck-Mizoroki Cross-Coupling Reactions
This work describes Ce<sub>0.89</sub>Zr<sub>0.03</sub>Pd<sub>0.08</sub>O<sub>2-δ</sub> as a heterogeneous catalyst for Heck-Mizoroki reactions. The material was synthesised by urea-assisted solution combustion to give a zirconium-stabilised cerium fluo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/7/794 |
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| author | Zanele P. Vundla Holger B. Friedrich |
| author_facet | Zanele P. Vundla Holger B. Friedrich |
| author_sort | Zanele P. Vundla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work describes Ce<sub>0.89</sub>Zr<sub>0.03</sub>Pd<sub>0.08</sub>O<sub>2-δ</sub> as a heterogeneous catalyst for Heck-Mizoroki reactions. The material was synthesised by urea-assisted solution combustion to give a zirconium-stabilised cerium fluorite structure, with a fraction of palladium incorporated into the host structure. Characterisation techniques included ICP-OES, P-XRD and electron microscopy. The catalyst illustrated a high TOF of 1860 h<sup>−1</sup> for the cross-coupling of iodobenzene with methyl acrylate, when trimethylamine (TEA) was used as a base and dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent at 130 °C. To establish the activity of coupling pairs, screening was limited to aryliodobenzenes, with various electronic properties, to determine the influence of aryliodobenzene electronic density on the trans product yield. Electron-donating substituents showed good yields, while electron-withdrawing groups had lower yields. Furthermore, various classes of electron-deficient olefins were screened to determine any effect on the trans product yield. Electron-deficient olefins showed higher yields with regard to the trans product than neutral styrene. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:25:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0de69ad7355d479fac6f00a2b6c16019 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:25:18Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-0de69ad7355d479fac6f00a2b6c160192023-11-20T07:00:49ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442020-07-0110779410.3390/catal10070794Bimetallic Substituted Ceria: An Alternative Approach to Ligand-Free Heck-Mizoroki Cross-Coupling ReactionsZanele P. Vundla0Holger B. Friedrich1School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South AfricaSchool of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South AfricaThis work describes Ce<sub>0.89</sub>Zr<sub>0.03</sub>Pd<sub>0.08</sub>O<sub>2-δ</sub> as a heterogeneous catalyst for Heck-Mizoroki reactions. The material was synthesised by urea-assisted solution combustion to give a zirconium-stabilised cerium fluorite structure, with a fraction of palladium incorporated into the host structure. Characterisation techniques included ICP-OES, P-XRD and electron microscopy. The catalyst illustrated a high TOF of 1860 h<sup>−1</sup> for the cross-coupling of iodobenzene with methyl acrylate, when trimethylamine (TEA) was used as a base and dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent at 130 °C. To establish the activity of coupling pairs, screening was limited to aryliodobenzenes, with various electronic properties, to determine the influence of aryliodobenzene electronic density on the trans product yield. Electron-donating substituents showed good yields, while electron-withdrawing groups had lower yields. Furthermore, various classes of electron-deficient olefins were screened to determine any effect on the trans product yield. Electron-deficient olefins showed higher yields with regard to the trans product than neutral styrene.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/7/794Heck reactionscross-couplingheterogeneouscatalystpalladiumcerium |
| spellingShingle | Zanele P. Vundla Holger B. Friedrich Bimetallic Substituted Ceria: An Alternative Approach to Ligand-Free Heck-Mizoroki Cross-Coupling Reactions Catalysts Heck reactions cross-coupling heterogeneous catalyst palladium cerium |
| title | Bimetallic Substituted Ceria: An Alternative Approach to Ligand-Free Heck-Mizoroki Cross-Coupling Reactions |
| title_full | Bimetallic Substituted Ceria: An Alternative Approach to Ligand-Free Heck-Mizoroki Cross-Coupling Reactions |
| title_fullStr | Bimetallic Substituted Ceria: An Alternative Approach to Ligand-Free Heck-Mizoroki Cross-Coupling Reactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bimetallic Substituted Ceria: An Alternative Approach to Ligand-Free Heck-Mizoroki Cross-Coupling Reactions |
| title_short | Bimetallic Substituted Ceria: An Alternative Approach to Ligand-Free Heck-Mizoroki Cross-Coupling Reactions |
| title_sort | bimetallic substituted ceria an alternative approach to ligand free heck mizoroki cross coupling reactions |
| topic | Heck reactions cross-coupling heterogeneous catalyst palladium cerium |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/7/794 |
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