The burden of HIV on Tuberculosis patients in the Volta region of Ghana from 2012 to 2015: implication for Tuberculosis control
Abstract Background The impact of HIV on TB, and the implications for TB control, has been acknowledged as a public health challenge. It is imperative therefore to assess the burden of HIV on TB patients as an indicator for monitoring the control efforts of the two diseases in this part of the world...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12879-017-2598-z |
| _version_ | 1819003791966470144 |
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| author | Eric Osei Joyce Der Richard Owusu Philip Kofie Wisdom Kudzo Axame |
| author_facet | Eric Osei Joyce Der Richard Owusu Philip Kofie Wisdom Kudzo Axame |
| author_sort | Eric Osei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The impact of HIV on TB, and the implications for TB control, has been acknowledged as a public health challenge. It is imperative therefore to assess the burden of HIV on TB patients as an indicator for monitoring the control efforts of the two diseases in this part of the world. This study aimed at determining the burden of HIV infection in TB patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of TB registers in five districts of the Volta Region of Ghana. Prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was determined. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the predictors of HIV infection among TB patients and statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results Of the 1772 TB patients, 1633 (92.2%) were tested for HIV. The overall prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was (18.2%; 95% CI: 16.4–20.1). The prevalence was significantly higher among females (24.1%; 95%CI: 20.8–27.7), compared to males (15.1%; 95% CI: 13.1–17.4) (p < 0.001) and among children <15 years of age (27.0%; 95% CI: 18.2–38.1), compared to the elderly ≥70 years (3.5%; 95% CI: 1.6–7.4) (p < 0.001). Treatment success rate was higher among patients with only TB (90%; 95% CI: 88.1–91.5) than among TB/HIV co-infected patients (77.0%; 95% CI: 71.7–81.7) (p < 0.001). Independent predictors of HIV infection were found to be: being female (AOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.38–2.13; p < 0.001); smear negative pulmonary TB (AOR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.37–2.47; p < 0.001); and patients registered in Hohoe, Kadjebi, and Kpando districts with adjusted odds ratios of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.13–2.54; p = 0.011), 2.29 (95% CI: 1.46–3.57; p < 0.001), and 2.15 (95% CI: 1.44–3.21; p < 0.001) respectively. Patients ≥70 years of age and those registered in Keta Municipal were less likely to be HIV positive with odds ratios of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.04–0.26; p < 0.001) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.38–0.99; p = 0.047) respectively. Conclusion TB/HIV co-infection rate in five study districts of the Volta region is quite high, occurs more frequently in female patients than males; among smear negative pulmonary TB patients, and children <15 years of age. Findings also demonstrate that HIV co-infection affects TB treatment outcomes adversely. Strengthening the TB/HIV collaborative efforts is required in order to reduce the burden of co-infection in patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:26:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0deb5470aaea4c6aa6bdae347929f171 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:26:37Z |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
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| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-0deb5470aaea4c6aa6bdae347929f1712022-12-21T19:23:23ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342017-07-011711910.1186/s12879-017-2598-zThe burden of HIV on Tuberculosis patients in the Volta region of Ghana from 2012 to 2015: implication for Tuberculosis controlEric Osei0Joyce Der1Richard Owusu2Philip Kofie3Wisdom Kudzo Axame4Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied SciencesDepartment of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied SciencesAbstract Background The impact of HIV on TB, and the implications for TB control, has been acknowledged as a public health challenge. It is imperative therefore to assess the burden of HIV on TB patients as an indicator for monitoring the control efforts of the two diseases in this part of the world. This study aimed at determining the burden of HIV infection in TB patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of TB registers in five districts of the Volta Region of Ghana. Prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was determined. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the predictors of HIV infection among TB patients and statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results Of the 1772 TB patients, 1633 (92.2%) were tested for HIV. The overall prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was (18.2%; 95% CI: 16.4–20.1). The prevalence was significantly higher among females (24.1%; 95%CI: 20.8–27.7), compared to males (15.1%; 95% CI: 13.1–17.4) (p < 0.001) and among children <15 years of age (27.0%; 95% CI: 18.2–38.1), compared to the elderly ≥70 years (3.5%; 95% CI: 1.6–7.4) (p < 0.001). Treatment success rate was higher among patients with only TB (90%; 95% CI: 88.1–91.5) than among TB/HIV co-infected patients (77.0%; 95% CI: 71.7–81.7) (p < 0.001). Independent predictors of HIV infection were found to be: being female (AOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.38–2.13; p < 0.001); smear negative pulmonary TB (AOR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.37–2.47; p < 0.001); and patients registered in Hohoe, Kadjebi, and Kpando districts with adjusted odds ratios of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.13–2.54; p = 0.011), 2.29 (95% CI: 1.46–3.57; p < 0.001), and 2.15 (95% CI: 1.44–3.21; p < 0.001) respectively. Patients ≥70 years of age and those registered in Keta Municipal were less likely to be HIV positive with odds ratios of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.04–0.26; p < 0.001) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.38–0.99; p = 0.047) respectively. Conclusion TB/HIV co-infection rate in five study districts of the Volta region is quite high, occurs more frequently in female patients than males; among smear negative pulmonary TB patients, and children <15 years of age. Findings also demonstrate that HIV co-infection affects TB treatment outcomes adversely. Strengthening the TB/HIV collaborative efforts is required in order to reduce the burden of co-infection in patients.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12879-017-2598-zTBHIVCo-infectionBurdenVolta regionGhana |
| spellingShingle | Eric Osei Joyce Der Richard Owusu Philip Kofie Wisdom Kudzo Axame The burden of HIV on Tuberculosis patients in the Volta region of Ghana from 2012 to 2015: implication for Tuberculosis control BMC Infectious Diseases TB HIV Co-infection Burden Volta region Ghana |
| title | The burden of HIV on Tuberculosis patients in the Volta region of Ghana from 2012 to 2015: implication for Tuberculosis control |
| title_full | The burden of HIV on Tuberculosis patients in the Volta region of Ghana from 2012 to 2015: implication for Tuberculosis control |
| title_fullStr | The burden of HIV on Tuberculosis patients in the Volta region of Ghana from 2012 to 2015: implication for Tuberculosis control |
| title_full_unstemmed | The burden of HIV on Tuberculosis patients in the Volta region of Ghana from 2012 to 2015: implication for Tuberculosis control |
| title_short | The burden of HIV on Tuberculosis patients in the Volta region of Ghana from 2012 to 2015: implication for Tuberculosis control |
| title_sort | burden of hiv on tuberculosis patients in the volta region of ghana from 2012 to 2015 implication for tuberculosis control |
| topic | TB HIV Co-infection Burden Volta region Ghana |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12879-017-2598-z |
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