Preschool development, temperament and genetic liability as early markers of childhood ADHD: A cohort study
Abstract Background ADHD is associated with multiple adverse outcomes and early identification is important. The present study sets out to identify early markers and developmental characteristics during the first 30 months of life that are associated with ADHD 6 years later. Methods 9201 participant...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-09-01
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| Series: | JCPP Advances |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12099 |
| _version_ | 1798002881336442880 |
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| author | Esther Tobarra‐Sanchez Lucy Riglin Sharifah S. Agha Evie Stergiakouli Anita Thapar Kate Langley |
| author_facet | Esther Tobarra‐Sanchez Lucy Riglin Sharifah S. Agha Evie Stergiakouli Anita Thapar Kate Langley |
| author_sort | Esther Tobarra‐Sanchez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background ADHD is associated with multiple adverse outcomes and early identification is important. The present study sets out to identify early markers and developmental characteristics during the first 30 months of life that are associated with ADHD 6 years later. Methods 9201 participants from the prospective Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort were included. Outcome measures were parent‐rated ADHD symptom scores (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) and ADHD diagnosis (Development and Wellbeing Assessment, DAWBA) at age 7. Seventeen putative markers were identified from previous literature and included: pre‐ and peri‐natal risk factors, genetic liability (ADHD polygenic risk scores, PRS), early development, temperament scores and regulatory problems. Associations were examined using regression analysis. Results Univariable regression analysis showed that multiple early life factors were associated with future ADHD outcomes, even after controlling for sex and socio‐economic status. In a multivariable linear regression model; temperament activity scores (B = 0.107, CI = 0.083–0.132), vocabulary delay (B = 0.605, CI = 0.211–0.988), fine motor delay (B = 0.693, CI = 0.360–1.025) and ADHD PRS (B = 0.184, CI = 0.074–0.294) were associated with future symptoms (R2 = 10.7%). In a multivariable logistic regression model, ADHD PRS (OR = 1.39, CI = 1.10–1.77) and temperament activity scores (OR = 1.09, CI = 1.04–1.16) showed association with ADHD diagnosis. Conclusion As well as male sex and lower socio‐economic status, high temperament activity levels and motor and speech delays in the first 30 months of life, are associated with childhood ADHD. Intriguingly, given that genetic risk scores are known to explain little of the variance of ADHD outcomes, we found that ADHD PRS added useful predictive information. Future research needs to test whether predictive models incorporating aspects of early development and genetic risk scores are useful for predicting ADHD in clinical practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:59:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0def7a9bab324ec397fad50f925b6880 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2692-9384 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:59:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JCPP Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-0def7a9bab324ec397fad50f925b68802022-12-22T04:24:54ZengWileyJCPP Advances2692-93842022-09-0123n/an/a10.1002/jcv2.12099Preschool development, temperament and genetic liability as early markers of childhood ADHD: A cohort studyEsther Tobarra‐Sanchez0Lucy Riglin1Sharifah S. Agha2Evie Stergiakouli3Anita Thapar4Kate Langley5Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UKChild and Adolescent Psychiatry Section Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UKChild and Adolescent Psychiatry Section Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UKMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit University of Bristol Bristol UKChild and Adolescent Psychiatry Section Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UKChild and Adolescent Psychiatry Section Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UKAbstract Background ADHD is associated with multiple adverse outcomes and early identification is important. The present study sets out to identify early markers and developmental characteristics during the first 30 months of life that are associated with ADHD 6 years later. Methods 9201 participants from the prospective Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort were included. Outcome measures were parent‐rated ADHD symptom scores (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) and ADHD diagnosis (Development and Wellbeing Assessment, DAWBA) at age 7. Seventeen putative markers were identified from previous literature and included: pre‐ and peri‐natal risk factors, genetic liability (ADHD polygenic risk scores, PRS), early development, temperament scores and regulatory problems. Associations were examined using regression analysis. Results Univariable regression analysis showed that multiple early life factors were associated with future ADHD outcomes, even after controlling for sex and socio‐economic status. In a multivariable linear regression model; temperament activity scores (B = 0.107, CI = 0.083–0.132), vocabulary delay (B = 0.605, CI = 0.211–0.988), fine motor delay (B = 0.693, CI = 0.360–1.025) and ADHD PRS (B = 0.184, CI = 0.074–0.294) were associated with future symptoms (R2 = 10.7%). In a multivariable logistic regression model, ADHD PRS (OR = 1.39, CI = 1.10–1.77) and temperament activity scores (OR = 1.09, CI = 1.04–1.16) showed association with ADHD diagnosis. Conclusion As well as male sex and lower socio‐economic status, high temperament activity levels and motor and speech delays in the first 30 months of life, are associated with childhood ADHD. Intriguingly, given that genetic risk scores are known to explain little of the variance of ADHD outcomes, we found that ADHD PRS added useful predictive information. Future research needs to test whether predictive models incorporating aspects of early development and genetic risk scores are useful for predicting ADHD in clinical practice.https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12099ADHDALSPACdevelopmental delayearly markerspolygenic risk scoresprecursors |
| spellingShingle | Esther Tobarra‐Sanchez Lucy Riglin Sharifah S. Agha Evie Stergiakouli Anita Thapar Kate Langley Preschool development, temperament and genetic liability as early markers of childhood ADHD: A cohort study JCPP Advances ADHD ALSPAC developmental delay early markers polygenic risk scores precursors |
| title | Preschool development, temperament and genetic liability as early markers of childhood ADHD: A cohort study |
| title_full | Preschool development, temperament and genetic liability as early markers of childhood ADHD: A cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Preschool development, temperament and genetic liability as early markers of childhood ADHD: A cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preschool development, temperament and genetic liability as early markers of childhood ADHD: A cohort study |
| title_short | Preschool development, temperament and genetic liability as early markers of childhood ADHD: A cohort study |
| title_sort | preschool development temperament and genetic liability as early markers of childhood adhd a cohort study |
| topic | ADHD ALSPAC developmental delay early markers polygenic risk scores precursors |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12099 |
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