Hydrodynamic Atmospheric Escape in HD 189733 b: Signatures of Carbon and Hydrogen Measured with the Hubble Space Telescope
One of the most well-studied exoplanets to date, HD 189733 b, stands out as an archetypal hot Jupiter with many observations and theoretical models aimed at characterizing its atmosphere, interior, host star, and environment. We report here on the results of an extensive campaign to observe atmosphe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astronomical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ace445 |
| _version_ | 1797694221951434752 |
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| author | Leonardo A. Dos Santos Antonio García Muñoz David K. Sing Mercedes López-Morales Munazza K. Alam Vincent Bourrier David Ehrenreich Gregory W. Henry Alain Lecavelier des Etangs Thomas Mikal-Evans Nikolay K. Nikolov Jorge Sanz-Forcada Hannah R. Wakeford |
| author_facet | Leonardo A. Dos Santos Antonio García Muñoz David K. Sing Mercedes López-Morales Munazza K. Alam Vincent Bourrier David Ehrenreich Gregory W. Henry Alain Lecavelier des Etangs Thomas Mikal-Evans Nikolay K. Nikolov Jorge Sanz-Forcada Hannah R. Wakeford |
| author_sort | Leonardo A. Dos Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the most well-studied exoplanets to date, HD 189733 b, stands out as an archetypal hot Jupiter with many observations and theoretical models aimed at characterizing its atmosphere, interior, host star, and environment. We report here on the results of an extensive campaign to observe atmospheric escape signatures in HD 189733 b using the Hubble Space Telescope and its unique ultraviolet capabilities. We have found a tentative, but repeatable in-transit absorption of singlyionized carbon (C ii , 5.2% ± 1.4%) in the epoch of June–July/2017, as well as a neutral hydrogen (H i ) absorption consistent with previous observations. We model the hydrodynamic outflow of HD 189733 b using an isothermal Parker wind formulation to interpret the observations of escaping C and O nuclei at the altitudes probed by our observations. Our forward models indicate that the outflow of HD 189733 b is mostly neutral within an altitude of ∼2 R _p and singly ionized beyond that point. The measured in-transit absorption of C ii at 1335.7 Å is consistent with an escape rate of ∼1.1 × 10 ^11 g s ^−1 , assuming solar C abundance and an outflow temperature of 12,100 K. Although we find marginal neutral oxygen (O i ) in-transit absorption, our models predict an in-transit depth that is only comparable to the size of measurement uncertainties. A comparison between the observed Ly α transit depths and hydrodynamics models suggests that the exosphere of this planet interacts with a stellar wind at least 1 order of magnitude stronger than solar. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:54:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0df17d6090bc49ed9c1899a2214cdf0b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:54:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-0df17d6090bc49ed9c1899a2214cdf0b2023-09-03T15:20:12ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812023-01-0116638910.3847/1538-3881/ace445Hydrodynamic Atmospheric Escape in HD 189733 b: Signatures of Carbon and Hydrogen Measured with the Hubble Space TelescopeLeonardo A. Dos Santos0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2248-3838Antonio García Muñoz1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-4825David K. Sing2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-7645Mercedes López-Morales3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-8183Munazza K. Alam4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-832XVincent Bourrier5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9148-034XDavid Ehrenreich6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9704-5405Gregory W. Henry7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-8513Alain Lecavelier des Etangs8Thomas Mikal-Evans9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5442-1300Nikolay K. Nikolov10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-3574Jorge Sanz-Forcada11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1600-7835Hannah R. Wakeford12https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-3867Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD, USACenter for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACarnegie Earth & Planets Laboratory , 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USAObservatoire astronomique de l’Université de Genève , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandObservatoire astronomique de l’Université de Genève , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandCenter of Excellence in Information Systems, Tennessee State University , Nashville, TN 37209, USAInstitut d’Astrophysique de Paris , CNRS, UMR 7095 & Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 6, 98bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceMax Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanySpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartamento de Astrofiísica, Centro de Astrobiologiía (CSIC-INTA) , ESAC Campus, Camino bajo del Castillos s/n, E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, SpainUniversity of Bristol , HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, UKOne of the most well-studied exoplanets to date, HD 189733 b, stands out as an archetypal hot Jupiter with many observations and theoretical models aimed at characterizing its atmosphere, interior, host star, and environment. We report here on the results of an extensive campaign to observe atmospheric escape signatures in HD 189733 b using the Hubble Space Telescope and its unique ultraviolet capabilities. We have found a tentative, but repeatable in-transit absorption of singlyionized carbon (C ii , 5.2% ± 1.4%) in the epoch of June–July/2017, as well as a neutral hydrogen (H i ) absorption consistent with previous observations. We model the hydrodynamic outflow of HD 189733 b using an isothermal Parker wind formulation to interpret the observations of escaping C and O nuclei at the altitudes probed by our observations. Our forward models indicate that the outflow of HD 189733 b is mostly neutral within an altitude of ∼2 R _p and singly ionized beyond that point. The measured in-transit absorption of C ii at 1335.7 Å is consistent with an escape rate of ∼1.1 × 10 ^11 g s ^−1 , assuming solar C abundance and an outflow temperature of 12,100 K. Although we find marginal neutral oxygen (O i ) in-transit absorption, our models predict an in-transit depth that is only comparable to the size of measurement uncertainties. A comparison between the observed Ly α transit depths and hydrodynamics models suggests that the exosphere of this planet interacts with a stellar wind at least 1 order of magnitude stronger than solar.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ace445Exoplanet atmospheresHot JupitersPlanet hosting starsUltraviolet astronomy |
| spellingShingle | Leonardo A. Dos Santos Antonio García Muñoz David K. Sing Mercedes López-Morales Munazza K. Alam Vincent Bourrier David Ehrenreich Gregory W. Henry Alain Lecavelier des Etangs Thomas Mikal-Evans Nikolay K. Nikolov Jorge Sanz-Forcada Hannah R. Wakeford Hydrodynamic Atmospheric Escape in HD 189733 b: Signatures of Carbon and Hydrogen Measured with the Hubble Space Telescope The Astronomical Journal Exoplanet atmospheres Hot Jupiters Planet hosting stars Ultraviolet astronomy |
| title | Hydrodynamic Atmospheric Escape in HD 189733 b: Signatures of Carbon and Hydrogen Measured with the Hubble Space Telescope |
| title_full | Hydrodynamic Atmospheric Escape in HD 189733 b: Signatures of Carbon and Hydrogen Measured with the Hubble Space Telescope |
| title_fullStr | Hydrodynamic Atmospheric Escape in HD 189733 b: Signatures of Carbon and Hydrogen Measured with the Hubble Space Telescope |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrodynamic Atmospheric Escape in HD 189733 b: Signatures of Carbon and Hydrogen Measured with the Hubble Space Telescope |
| title_short | Hydrodynamic Atmospheric Escape in HD 189733 b: Signatures of Carbon and Hydrogen Measured with the Hubble Space Telescope |
| title_sort | hydrodynamic atmospheric escape in hd 189733 b signatures of carbon and hydrogen measured with the hubble space telescope |
| topic | Exoplanet atmospheres Hot Jupiters Planet hosting stars Ultraviolet astronomy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ace445 |
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