Chemical constituents and antihistamine activity of <it>Bixa orellana</it> leaf extract
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Bixa orellana L.</it> has been traditionally used in Central and South America to treat a number of ailments, including internal inflammation, and in other tropical countries like Malaysia as treatment for gastric ulc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2013-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
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| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/13/32 |
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| author | Yong Yoke Keong Zakaria Zainul Amiruddin Kadir Arifah Abdul Somchit Muhammad Nazrul Ee Cheng Lian Gwendoline Ahmad Zuraini |
| author_facet | Yong Yoke Keong Zakaria Zainul Amiruddin Kadir Arifah Abdul Somchit Muhammad Nazrul Ee Cheng Lian Gwendoline Ahmad Zuraini |
| author_sort | Yong Yoke Keong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Bixa orellana L.</it> has been traditionally used in Central and South America to treat a number of ailments, including internal inflammation, and in other tropical countries like Malaysia as treatment for gastric ulcers and stomach discomfort. The current study aimed to determine the major chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of <it>B. orellana</it> (AEBO) and to evaluate the antihistamine activity of AEBO during acute inflammation induced in rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Acute inflammation was produced by subplantar injection of 0.1 mL of 0.1% histamine into the right hind paw of each rat in the control and treatment groups. The degree of edema was measured before injection and at the time points of 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min after injection. Changes of peritoneal vascular permeability were studied using Evans blue dye as a detector. Vascular permeability was evaluated by the amount of dye leakage into the peritoneal cavity in rats. To evaluate the inhibitory effect of AEBO on biochemical mediators of vascular permeability, the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined in histamine-treated paw tissues. The major constituents of AEBO were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>AEBO produced a significant inhibition of histamine-induced paw edema starting at 60 min time point, with maximal percentage of inhibition (60.25%) achieved with a dose of 150 mg/kg of AEBO at 60 min time point. Up to 99% of increased peritoneal vascular permeability produced by histamine was successfully suppressed by AEBO. The expression of biochemical mediators of vascular permeability, NO and VEGF, was also found to be downregulated in the AEBO treated group. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the major constituent in AEBO was acetic acid.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The experimental findings demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activity of AEBO was due to its inhibitory effect on vascular permeability, which was suppressed as a result of the reduced expression of biochemical mediators (NO and VEGF) in tissues. Our results contribute towards the validation of the traditional use of <it>Bixa orellana</it> in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:31:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0df2c08d82124ee3a19a846e618e527e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6882 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:31:52Z |
| publishDate | 2013-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-0df2c08d82124ee3a19a846e618e527e2022-12-22T01:43:21ZengBMCBMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine1472-68822013-02-011313210.1186/1472-6882-13-32Chemical constituents and antihistamine activity of <it>Bixa orellana</it> leaf extractYong Yoke KeongZakaria Zainul AmiruddinKadir Arifah AbdulSomchit Muhammad NazrulEe Cheng Lian GwendolineAhmad Zuraini<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Bixa orellana L.</it> has been traditionally used in Central and South America to treat a number of ailments, including internal inflammation, and in other tropical countries like Malaysia as treatment for gastric ulcers and stomach discomfort. The current study aimed to determine the major chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of <it>B. orellana</it> (AEBO) and to evaluate the antihistamine activity of AEBO during acute inflammation induced in rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Acute inflammation was produced by subplantar injection of 0.1 mL of 0.1% histamine into the right hind paw of each rat in the control and treatment groups. The degree of edema was measured before injection and at the time points of 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min after injection. Changes of peritoneal vascular permeability were studied using Evans blue dye as a detector. Vascular permeability was evaluated by the amount of dye leakage into the peritoneal cavity in rats. To evaluate the inhibitory effect of AEBO on biochemical mediators of vascular permeability, the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined in histamine-treated paw tissues. The major constituents of AEBO were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>AEBO produced a significant inhibition of histamine-induced paw edema starting at 60 min time point, with maximal percentage of inhibition (60.25%) achieved with a dose of 150 mg/kg of AEBO at 60 min time point. Up to 99% of increased peritoneal vascular permeability produced by histamine was successfully suppressed by AEBO. The expression of biochemical mediators of vascular permeability, NO and VEGF, was also found to be downregulated in the AEBO treated group. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the major constituent in AEBO was acetic acid.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The experimental findings demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activity of AEBO was due to its inhibitory effect on vascular permeability, which was suppressed as a result of the reduced expression of biochemical mediators (NO and VEGF) in tissues. Our results contribute towards the validation of the traditional use of <it>Bixa orellana</it> in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/13/32Bixa orellanaHistamineAnti-inflammatoryVascular permeability |
| spellingShingle | Yong Yoke Keong Zakaria Zainul Amiruddin Kadir Arifah Abdul Somchit Muhammad Nazrul Ee Cheng Lian Gwendoline Ahmad Zuraini Chemical constituents and antihistamine activity of <it>Bixa orellana</it> leaf extract BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine Bixa orellana Histamine Anti-inflammatory Vascular permeability |
| title | Chemical constituents and antihistamine activity of <it>Bixa orellana</it> leaf extract |
| title_full | Chemical constituents and antihistamine activity of <it>Bixa orellana</it> leaf extract |
| title_fullStr | Chemical constituents and antihistamine activity of <it>Bixa orellana</it> leaf extract |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical constituents and antihistamine activity of <it>Bixa orellana</it> leaf extract |
| title_short | Chemical constituents and antihistamine activity of <it>Bixa orellana</it> leaf extract |
| title_sort | chemical constituents and antihistamine activity of it bixa orellana it leaf extract |
| topic | Bixa orellana Histamine Anti-inflammatory Vascular permeability |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/13/32 |
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