Antifouling Potential of <i>Diadema setosum</i> and <i>Sonneratia lanceolata</i> Extracts for Marine Applications
Marine resources such as marine invertebrates and mangrove plants favor the production of secondary metabolites that exhibit antifouling properties. These natural-derived compounds are considered environmentally friendly compared to synthetic compounds with similar activity and technological applica...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/3/602 |
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| author | Mujahidah Mohd Ramzi Nor Izzati Abd Rahman Nurul Najihah Rawi Kesaven Bhubalan Fazilah Ariffin Noor Wini Mazlan Jasnizat Saidin Muhd Danish-Daniel Julius Yong Fu Siong Kamariah Bakar Nor Atikah Mohd Zin Ahmad Khusairi Azemi Noraznawati Ismail |
| author_facet | Mujahidah Mohd Ramzi Nor Izzati Abd Rahman Nurul Najihah Rawi Kesaven Bhubalan Fazilah Ariffin Noor Wini Mazlan Jasnizat Saidin Muhd Danish-Daniel Julius Yong Fu Siong Kamariah Bakar Nor Atikah Mohd Zin Ahmad Khusairi Azemi Noraznawati Ismail |
| author_sort | Mujahidah Mohd Ramzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Marine resources such as marine invertebrates and mangrove plants favor the production of secondary metabolites that exhibit antifouling properties. These natural-derived compounds are considered environmentally friendly compared to synthetic compounds with similar activity and technological applications. The current study was conducted to determine the antifouling properties of <i>Diadema setosum</i> (DS) and <i>Sonneratia lanceolata</i> (SL) crude extracts and their incorporated paints, in addition to the identification of the metabolites involved. Both crude extracts were tested against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> via a crystal violet assay, while the incorporated paints with 5% (SL5% and DS5%) and 10% (SL10% and DS10%) weight per volume (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) were tested in an aquarium and submerged in the seawater at Kemaman and Pulau Redang (Malaysia) for field testing. The identification of the bioactive compounds from the crude extracts was carried out using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The results of the crystal violet assay showed that both of the crude extracts reduced the biofilm formed by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. The marine bacteria growths contained in natural seawater were inhibited the most by SL5%, followed by DS5%, DS10%, and SL10% in the aquarium testing. Based on the photographic observation, all of the paints incorporated with the crude extracts successfully reduced the settlement of fouling organisms compared to the blank paint, as lesser macroalgae were found growing on the SL5%, DS5%, and DS10%. The LC-MS results showed 3-Methyloxiranyl phosphonic acid; (2RS,3SR)-form from the SL crude extract, while the 8-Decene-1,3,5-triol, 3-Hydroxyundecanoic acid, and 1-<i>O</i>-(6-Deoxy-6-sulfoglucopyranosyl)glycerol; α-D-form, 3-Hexadecanoyl from the DS crude extract were involved in the antifouling properties. In conclusion, both crude extracts have the potential to be developed as antifouling agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:19:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0df64f52a4dd4d4590ca504fe47b702c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:19:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-0df64f52a4dd4d4590ca504fe47b702c2023-11-17T11:57:54ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122023-03-0111360210.3390/jmse11030602Antifouling Potential of <i>Diadema setosum</i> and <i>Sonneratia lanceolata</i> Extracts for Marine ApplicationsMujahidah Mohd Ramzi0Nor Izzati Abd Rahman1Nurul Najihah Rawi2Kesaven Bhubalan3Fazilah Ariffin4Noor Wini Mazlan5Jasnizat Saidin6Muhd Danish-Daniel7Julius Yong Fu Siong8Kamariah Bakar9Nor Atikah Mohd Zin10Ahmad Khusairi Azemi11Noraznawati Ismail12Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaFaculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaFaculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaFaculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaMarine resources such as marine invertebrates and mangrove plants favor the production of secondary metabolites that exhibit antifouling properties. These natural-derived compounds are considered environmentally friendly compared to synthetic compounds with similar activity and technological applications. The current study was conducted to determine the antifouling properties of <i>Diadema setosum</i> (DS) and <i>Sonneratia lanceolata</i> (SL) crude extracts and their incorporated paints, in addition to the identification of the metabolites involved. Both crude extracts were tested against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> via a crystal violet assay, while the incorporated paints with 5% (SL5% and DS5%) and 10% (SL10% and DS10%) weight per volume (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) were tested in an aquarium and submerged in the seawater at Kemaman and Pulau Redang (Malaysia) for field testing. The identification of the bioactive compounds from the crude extracts was carried out using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The results of the crystal violet assay showed that both of the crude extracts reduced the biofilm formed by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. The marine bacteria growths contained in natural seawater were inhibited the most by SL5%, followed by DS5%, DS10%, and SL10% in the aquarium testing. Based on the photographic observation, all of the paints incorporated with the crude extracts successfully reduced the settlement of fouling organisms compared to the blank paint, as lesser macroalgae were found growing on the SL5%, DS5%, and DS10%. The LC-MS results showed 3-Methyloxiranyl phosphonic acid; (2RS,3SR)-form from the SL crude extract, while the 8-Decene-1,3,5-triol, 3-Hydroxyundecanoic acid, and 1-<i>O</i>-(6-Deoxy-6-sulfoglucopyranosyl)glycerol; α-D-form, 3-Hexadecanoyl from the DS crude extract were involved in the antifouling properties. In conclusion, both crude extracts have the potential to be developed as antifouling agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/3/602biofoulingmarine resources<i>Diadema setosum</i><i>Sonneratia lanceolata</i>antifouling compounds |
| spellingShingle | Mujahidah Mohd Ramzi Nor Izzati Abd Rahman Nurul Najihah Rawi Kesaven Bhubalan Fazilah Ariffin Noor Wini Mazlan Jasnizat Saidin Muhd Danish-Daniel Julius Yong Fu Siong Kamariah Bakar Nor Atikah Mohd Zin Ahmad Khusairi Azemi Noraznawati Ismail Antifouling Potential of <i>Diadema setosum</i> and <i>Sonneratia lanceolata</i> Extracts for Marine Applications Journal of Marine Science and Engineering biofouling marine resources <i>Diadema setosum</i> <i>Sonneratia lanceolata</i> antifouling compounds |
| title | Antifouling Potential of <i>Diadema setosum</i> and <i>Sonneratia lanceolata</i> Extracts for Marine Applications |
| title_full | Antifouling Potential of <i>Diadema setosum</i> and <i>Sonneratia lanceolata</i> Extracts for Marine Applications |
| title_fullStr | Antifouling Potential of <i>Diadema setosum</i> and <i>Sonneratia lanceolata</i> Extracts for Marine Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antifouling Potential of <i>Diadema setosum</i> and <i>Sonneratia lanceolata</i> Extracts for Marine Applications |
| title_short | Antifouling Potential of <i>Diadema setosum</i> and <i>Sonneratia lanceolata</i> Extracts for Marine Applications |
| title_sort | antifouling potential of i diadema setosum i and i sonneratia lanceolata i extracts for marine applications |
| topic | biofouling marine resources <i>Diadema setosum</i> <i>Sonneratia lanceolata</i> antifouling compounds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/3/602 |
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