The Role of Tissue Resident Memory CD4 T Cells in Herpes Simplex Viral and HIV Infection
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) were first described in 2009. While initially the major focus was on CD8<sup>+</sup> TRM, there has recently been increased interest in defining the phenotype and the role of CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM in diseases. Circulating CD4<sup>+<...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/359 |
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| author | Thomas R. O’Neil Kevin Hu Naomi R. Truong Sana Arshad Barbara L. Shacklett Anthony L. Cunningham Najla Nasr |
| author_facet | Thomas R. O’Neil Kevin Hu Naomi R. Truong Sana Arshad Barbara L. Shacklett Anthony L. Cunningham Najla Nasr |
| author_sort | Thomas R. O’Neil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) were first described in 2009. While initially the major focus was on CD8<sup>+</sup> TRM, there has recently been increased interest in defining the phenotype and the role of CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM in diseases. Circulating CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells seed CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM, but there also appears to be an equilibrium between CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM and blood CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM are more mobile than CD8<sup>+</sup> TRM, usually localized deeper within the dermis/lamina propria and yet may exhibit synergy with CD8<sup>+</sup> TRM in disease control. This has been demonstrated in herpes simplex infections in mice. In human recurrent herpes infections, both CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> TRM persisting between lesions may control asymptomatic shedding through interferon-gamma secretion, although this has been more clearly shown for CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. The exact role of the CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> TRM axis in the trigeminal ganglia and/or cornea in controlling recurrent herpetic keratitis is unknown. In HIV, CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM have now been shown to be a major target for productive and latent infection in the cervix. In HSV and HIV co-infections, CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM persisting in the dermis support HIV replication. Further understanding of the role of CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM and their induction by vaccines may help control sexual transmission by both viruses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:33:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0df9304bb510409fb5bbd48137c6f05a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:33:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-0df9304bb510409fb5bbd48137c6f05a2023-12-11T18:21:29ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-02-0113335910.3390/v13030359The Role of Tissue Resident Memory CD4 T Cells in Herpes Simplex Viral and HIV InfectionThomas R. O’Neil0Kevin Hu1Naomi R. Truong2Sana Arshad3Barbara L. Shacklett4Anthony L. Cunningham5Najla Nasr6Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, AustraliaCentre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, AustraliaCentre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, AustraliaCentre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, AustraliaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USACentre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, AustraliaCentre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, AustraliaTissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) were first described in 2009. While initially the major focus was on CD8<sup>+</sup> TRM, there has recently been increased interest in defining the phenotype and the role of CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM in diseases. Circulating CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells seed CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM, but there also appears to be an equilibrium between CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM and blood CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM are more mobile than CD8<sup>+</sup> TRM, usually localized deeper within the dermis/lamina propria and yet may exhibit synergy with CD8<sup>+</sup> TRM in disease control. This has been demonstrated in herpes simplex infections in mice. In human recurrent herpes infections, both CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> TRM persisting between lesions may control asymptomatic shedding through interferon-gamma secretion, although this has been more clearly shown for CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. The exact role of the CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> TRM axis in the trigeminal ganglia and/or cornea in controlling recurrent herpetic keratitis is unknown. In HIV, CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM have now been shown to be a major target for productive and latent infection in the cervix. In HSV and HIV co-infections, CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM persisting in the dermis support HIV replication. Further understanding of the role of CD4<sup>+</sup> TRM and their induction by vaccines may help control sexual transmission by both viruses.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/359HIV-1HSV-1/2tissue resident CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>vaccinesinfection |
| spellingShingle | Thomas R. O’Neil Kevin Hu Naomi R. Truong Sana Arshad Barbara L. Shacklett Anthony L. Cunningham Najla Nasr The Role of Tissue Resident Memory CD4 T Cells in Herpes Simplex Viral and HIV Infection Viruses HIV-1 HSV-1/2 tissue resident CD4<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> vaccines infection |
| title | The Role of Tissue Resident Memory CD4 T Cells in Herpes Simplex Viral and HIV Infection |
| title_full | The Role of Tissue Resident Memory CD4 T Cells in Herpes Simplex Viral and HIV Infection |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Tissue Resident Memory CD4 T Cells in Herpes Simplex Viral and HIV Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Tissue Resident Memory CD4 T Cells in Herpes Simplex Viral and HIV Infection |
| title_short | The Role of Tissue Resident Memory CD4 T Cells in Herpes Simplex Viral and HIV Infection |
| title_sort | role of tissue resident memory cd4 t cells in herpes simplex viral and hiv infection |
| topic | HIV-1 HSV-1/2 tissue resident CD4<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> vaccines infection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/359 |
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