Vitamin D Metabolites and Sex Steroid Indices in Postmenopausal Women with and without Low Bone Mass
While the independent roles of vitamin D and sex hormones in skeletal health are well established, the associations of vitamin D and its metabolites to sex hormones and their indices are less investigated. In this observational study, clinical information of 189 Saudi postmenopausal women aged ≥50 y...
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2021-02-01
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| author | Nasser M. Al-Daghri Sobhy M. Yakout Mohammed G.A. Ansari Syed D. Hussain Kaiser A. Wani Shaun Sabico |
| author_facet | Nasser M. Al-Daghri Sobhy M. Yakout Mohammed G.A. Ansari Syed D. Hussain Kaiser A. Wani Shaun Sabico |
| author_sort | Nasser M. Al-Daghri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While the independent roles of vitamin D and sex hormones in skeletal health are well established, the associations of vitamin D and its metabolites to sex hormones and their indices are less investigated. In this observational study, clinical information of 189 Saudi postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years old [N = 80 with normal bone mineral density (BMD), aged 53.3 ± 7.7 years with body mass index (BMI)= 34.1kg/m<sup>2</sup> ± 5.8, and N = 109 with low BMD (T-score −1.0 to −2.5), aged 57.0 ± 8.2 years, BMI = 32.4kg/m<sup>2</sup> ± 6.2] was extracted from an existing capital-wide osteoporosis registry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data included were BMD scores, serum total 25(OH)D, sex hormones, and bone turnover markers which were measured using commercially available assays. Age- and BMI-adjusted comparisons revealed significantly higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels as well as significantly lower testosterone and bioavailable testosterone in the low BMD group than the normal BMD group (<i>p</i>-values 0.04, 0.02, and 0.03, respectively). Stepwise linear regression showed that circulating testosterone levels accounted for 9.7% and 8.9% of the variances perceived in bioavailable 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D, respectively (<i>p </i>< 0.01), independent of other sex hormones, sex hormone indices, and bone turnover markers. Our study suggests that androgens are significantly associated with non-conventional vitamin D metabolites and these associations may have clinical relevance in assessing risk for low BMD and osteoporosis in Arab postmenopausal women. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:09:04Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:09:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-0dfcb802b3c0473cb4fb7d25d9103f502023-12-03T11:59:43ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892021-02-011128610.3390/metabo11020086Vitamin D Metabolites and Sex Steroid Indices in Postmenopausal Women with and without Low Bone MassNasser M. Al-Daghri0Sobhy M. Yakout1Mohammed G.A. Ansari2Syed D. Hussain3Kaiser A. Wani4Shaun Sabico5Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaChair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaChair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaChair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaChair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaChair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaWhile the independent roles of vitamin D and sex hormones in skeletal health are well established, the associations of vitamin D and its metabolites to sex hormones and their indices are less investigated. In this observational study, clinical information of 189 Saudi postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years old [N = 80 with normal bone mineral density (BMD), aged 53.3 ± 7.7 years with body mass index (BMI)= 34.1kg/m<sup>2</sup> ± 5.8, and N = 109 with low BMD (T-score −1.0 to −2.5), aged 57.0 ± 8.2 years, BMI = 32.4kg/m<sup>2</sup> ± 6.2] was extracted from an existing capital-wide osteoporosis registry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data included were BMD scores, serum total 25(OH)D, sex hormones, and bone turnover markers which were measured using commercially available assays. Age- and BMI-adjusted comparisons revealed significantly higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels as well as significantly lower testosterone and bioavailable testosterone in the low BMD group than the normal BMD group (<i>p</i>-values 0.04, 0.02, and 0.03, respectively). Stepwise linear regression showed that circulating testosterone levels accounted for 9.7% and 8.9% of the variances perceived in bioavailable 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D, respectively (<i>p </i>< 0.01), independent of other sex hormones, sex hormone indices, and bone turnover markers. Our study suggests that androgens are significantly associated with non-conventional vitamin D metabolites and these associations may have clinical relevance in assessing risk for low BMD and osteoporosis in Arab postmenopausal women.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/2/86vitamin D metabolitesosteoporosisosteopeniaSaudi postmenopausal women |
| spellingShingle | Nasser M. Al-Daghri Sobhy M. Yakout Mohammed G.A. Ansari Syed D. Hussain Kaiser A. Wani Shaun Sabico Vitamin D Metabolites and Sex Steroid Indices in Postmenopausal Women with and without Low Bone Mass Metabolites vitamin D metabolites osteoporosis osteopenia Saudi postmenopausal women |
| title | Vitamin D Metabolites and Sex Steroid Indices in Postmenopausal Women with and without Low Bone Mass |
| title_full | Vitamin D Metabolites and Sex Steroid Indices in Postmenopausal Women with and without Low Bone Mass |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D Metabolites and Sex Steroid Indices in Postmenopausal Women with and without Low Bone Mass |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D Metabolites and Sex Steroid Indices in Postmenopausal Women with and without Low Bone Mass |
| title_short | Vitamin D Metabolites and Sex Steroid Indices in Postmenopausal Women with and without Low Bone Mass |
| title_sort | vitamin d metabolites and sex steroid indices in postmenopausal women with and without low bone mass |
| topic | vitamin D metabolites osteoporosis osteopenia Saudi postmenopausal women |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/2/86 |
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