Determinants of diabetic nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study
Background: Diabetic nephropathy is defined as patients with diabetes mellitus who have persistent proteinuria for at least three consecutive measurements per year, a high blood creatinine level (>130 mol/l), or a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (<60 ml/min). Limited studies were done i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | SAGE Open Medicine |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121231218890 |
| _version_ | 1797356446484004864 |
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| author | Diriba Etana Tola Zenebu Begna Bayissa Tamene Abera Desissa Lencho Kajela Solbana Azeb Haile Tesfaye Bikila Fufa Eba |
| author_facet | Diriba Etana Tola Zenebu Begna Bayissa Tamene Abera Desissa Lencho Kajela Solbana Azeb Haile Tesfaye Bikila Fufa Eba |
| author_sort | Diriba Etana Tola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Diabetic nephropathy is defined as patients with diabetes mellitus who have persistent proteinuria for at least three consecutive measurements per year, a high blood creatinine level (>130 mol/l), or a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (<60 ml/min). Limited studies were done in Ethiopia on determinants of diabetic nephropathy among diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted from 6 September to 9 November 2022, among diabetic patients on follow-up at public health hospitals in Addis Ababa. Using consecutive sampling techniques, a total of 442 (353 controls and 89 cases) were recruited, with a control-to-case ratio of 4:1. The data were collected using a structured and interview-administered questionnaire and variables like high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, Glycated hemoglobin, and type of diabetes were extracted from the medical records of the patients using a checklist. The collected data were entered into Epidata 3.1 and analyzed by STATA version 15.0. Variables with a p -value < 0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression were selected for the final model. In multivariable logistic regression model fitting, variables with a p -value < 0.05 with 95% CI adjusted odds ratio have declared statistically significant risk factors of diabetic nephropathy. Results: In this study, out of 442 study participants, 334 controls and 89 cases were included in the analysis, with a response rate of 94.6% and 100%, respectively. The majority of the study participants were 92.13% of cases and 84.13% of controls; 7.87% of cases, and 15.87% of controls were type 2 diabetes mellitus. Age 65 and above years old (AOR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.28, 4.57); Smoking cigarette (AOR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.18, 4.16); Non-adherent to diet (AOR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.84); Drinking alcohols (AOR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.52); Duration with diabetes more than 10 years (AOR: 3.39; 95% CI: 1.76, 6.54); Poor glycemic control (AOR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.23, 4.28); and Low-density lipoprotein (AOR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.69, 5.28) were found to be statistically significant risk factors of nephropathy among diabetic patients. Conclusion: This study found that old age, smoking cigarettes, non-adherence to diet, duration of diabetes, alcohol drinking, Glycated hemoglobin A1C, and high low-density lipoprotein were risk factors for nephropathy. Hence, continuous health education on lifestyle modifications and diabetic-related complications in each follow-up visit via front-line health professionals are very essential to avert the problem. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:26:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e068f15575644cf95ac8ae9d47b35c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-3121 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:26:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | SAGE Open Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e068f15575644cf95ac8ae9d47b35c62024-01-12T23:03:21ZengSAGE PublishingSAGE Open Medicine2050-31212024-01-011210.1177/20503121231218890Determinants of diabetic nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control studyDiriba Etana Tola0Zenebu Begna Bayissa1Tamene Abera Desissa2Lencho Kajela Solbana3Azeb Haile Tesfaye4Bikila Fufa Eba5Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Assosa University, Assosa, EthiopiaDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Ambo University, Ambo, EthiopiaDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Ambo University, Ambo, EthiopiaDepartment of Nursing, College of Health Science, Assosa University, Assosa, EthiopiaDepartment of Nursing, College of Health Science, Assosa University, Assosa, EthiopiaDepartment of General Medicine, School of Medicine, St. Petros’ Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaBackground: Diabetic nephropathy is defined as patients with diabetes mellitus who have persistent proteinuria for at least three consecutive measurements per year, a high blood creatinine level (>130 mol/l), or a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (<60 ml/min). Limited studies were done in Ethiopia on determinants of diabetic nephropathy among diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted from 6 September to 9 November 2022, among diabetic patients on follow-up at public health hospitals in Addis Ababa. Using consecutive sampling techniques, a total of 442 (353 controls and 89 cases) were recruited, with a control-to-case ratio of 4:1. The data were collected using a structured and interview-administered questionnaire and variables like high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, Glycated hemoglobin, and type of diabetes were extracted from the medical records of the patients using a checklist. The collected data were entered into Epidata 3.1 and analyzed by STATA version 15.0. Variables with a p -value < 0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression were selected for the final model. In multivariable logistic regression model fitting, variables with a p -value < 0.05 with 95% CI adjusted odds ratio have declared statistically significant risk factors of diabetic nephropathy. Results: In this study, out of 442 study participants, 334 controls and 89 cases were included in the analysis, with a response rate of 94.6% and 100%, respectively. The majority of the study participants were 92.13% of cases and 84.13% of controls; 7.87% of cases, and 15.87% of controls were type 2 diabetes mellitus. Age 65 and above years old (AOR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.28, 4.57); Smoking cigarette (AOR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.18, 4.16); Non-adherent to diet (AOR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.84); Drinking alcohols (AOR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.52); Duration with diabetes more than 10 years (AOR: 3.39; 95% CI: 1.76, 6.54); Poor glycemic control (AOR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.23, 4.28); and Low-density lipoprotein (AOR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.69, 5.28) were found to be statistically significant risk factors of nephropathy among diabetic patients. Conclusion: This study found that old age, smoking cigarettes, non-adherence to diet, duration of diabetes, alcohol drinking, Glycated hemoglobin A1C, and high low-density lipoprotein were risk factors for nephropathy. Hence, continuous health education on lifestyle modifications and diabetic-related complications in each follow-up visit via front-line health professionals are very essential to avert the problem.https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121231218890 |
| spellingShingle | Diriba Etana Tola Zenebu Begna Bayissa Tamene Abera Desissa Lencho Kajela Solbana Azeb Haile Tesfaye Bikila Fufa Eba Determinants of diabetic nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study SAGE Open Medicine |
| title | Determinants of diabetic nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study |
| title_full | Determinants of diabetic nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study |
| title_fullStr | Determinants of diabetic nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determinants of diabetic nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study |
| title_short | Determinants of diabetic nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study |
| title_sort | determinants of diabetic nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow up at public hospitals in addis ababa ethiopia a case control study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121231218890 |
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