Red Blood Cells: Tethering, Vesiculation, and Disease in Micro-Vascular Flow
The red blood cell has become implicated in the progression of a range of diseases; mechanisms by which red cells are involved appear to include the transport of inflammatory species via red cell-derived vesicles. We review this role of RBCs in diseases such as diabetes mellitus, sickle cell anemia,...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/6/971 |
| _version_ | 1827691251409879040 |
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| author | Robert J. Asaro Pedro Cabrales |
| author_facet | Robert J. Asaro Pedro Cabrales |
| author_sort | Robert J. Asaro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The red blood cell has become implicated in the progression of a range of diseases; mechanisms by which red cells are involved appear to include the transport of inflammatory species via red cell-derived vesicles. We review this role of RBCs in diseases such as diabetes mellitus, sickle cell anemia, polycythemia vera, central retinal vein occlusion, Gaucher disease, atherosclerosis, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. We propose a possibly unifying, and novel, paradigm for the inducement of RBC vesiculation during vascular flow of red cells adhered to the vascular endothelium as well as to the red pulp of the spleen. Indeed, we review the evidence for this hypothesis that links physiological conditions favoring both vesiculation and enhanced RBC adhesion and demonstrate the veracity of this hypothesis by way of a specific example occurring in splenic flow which we argue has various renderings in a wide range of vascular flows, in particular microvascular flows. We provide a mechanistic basis for membrane loss and the formation of lysed red blood cells in the spleen that may mediate their turnover. Our detailed explanation for this example also makes clear what features of red cell <i>deformability</i> are involved in the vesiculation process and hence require quantification and a new form of quantitative indexing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:58:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e0696ef57d540f7af9b7e081f7018dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:58:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e0696ef57d540f7af9b7e081f7018dd2023-11-21T21:43:26ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182021-05-0111697110.3390/diagnostics11060971Red Blood Cells: Tethering, Vesiculation, and Disease in Micro-Vascular FlowRobert J. Asaro0Pedro Cabrales1Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USAThe red blood cell has become implicated in the progression of a range of diseases; mechanisms by which red cells are involved appear to include the transport of inflammatory species via red cell-derived vesicles. We review this role of RBCs in diseases such as diabetes mellitus, sickle cell anemia, polycythemia vera, central retinal vein occlusion, Gaucher disease, atherosclerosis, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. We propose a possibly unifying, and novel, paradigm for the inducement of RBC vesiculation during vascular flow of red cells adhered to the vascular endothelium as well as to the red pulp of the spleen. Indeed, we review the evidence for this hypothesis that links physiological conditions favoring both vesiculation and enhanced RBC adhesion and demonstrate the veracity of this hypothesis by way of a specific example occurring in splenic flow which we argue has various renderings in a wide range of vascular flows, in particular microvascular flows. We provide a mechanistic basis for membrane loss and the formation of lysed red blood cells in the spleen that may mediate their turnover. Our detailed explanation for this example also makes clear what features of red cell <i>deformability</i> are involved in the vesiculation process and hence require quantification and a new form of quantitative indexing.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/6/971vesiculationhemolysisadhesion |
| spellingShingle | Robert J. Asaro Pedro Cabrales Red Blood Cells: Tethering, Vesiculation, and Disease in Micro-Vascular Flow Diagnostics vesiculation hemolysis adhesion |
| title | Red Blood Cells: Tethering, Vesiculation, and Disease in Micro-Vascular Flow |
| title_full | Red Blood Cells: Tethering, Vesiculation, and Disease in Micro-Vascular Flow |
| title_fullStr | Red Blood Cells: Tethering, Vesiculation, and Disease in Micro-Vascular Flow |
| title_full_unstemmed | Red Blood Cells: Tethering, Vesiculation, and Disease in Micro-Vascular Flow |
| title_short | Red Blood Cells: Tethering, Vesiculation, and Disease in Micro-Vascular Flow |
| title_sort | red blood cells tethering vesiculation and disease in micro vascular flow |
| topic | vesiculation hemolysis adhesion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/6/971 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT robertjasaro redbloodcellstetheringvesiculationanddiseaseinmicrovascularflow AT pedrocabrales redbloodcellstetheringvesiculationanddiseaseinmicrovascularflow |