The Impact of Dietary Fiber as a Prebiotic on Inflammation in Children with Obesity
Background: Obesity is associated with dysbiosis, contributing to inflammation and insulin resistance. Inulin might reduce inflammation by manipulating intestinal microbiota. Objective: We aimed to determine the effects of inulin supplementation on inflammation and assess the relationships of inflam...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/18/2856 |
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| author | Chonnikant Visuthranukul Tanisa Kwanbunbumpen Yuda Chongpison Supakarn Chamni Ekkarit Panichsillaphakit Jaraspong Uaariyapanichkul Settachote Maholarnkij Sirinuch Chomtho |
| author_facet | Chonnikant Visuthranukul Tanisa Kwanbunbumpen Yuda Chongpison Supakarn Chamni Ekkarit Panichsillaphakit Jaraspong Uaariyapanichkul Settachote Maholarnkij Sirinuch Chomtho |
| author_sort | Chonnikant Visuthranukul |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Obesity is associated with dysbiosis, contributing to inflammation and insulin resistance. Inulin might reduce inflammation by manipulating intestinal microbiota. Objective: We aimed to determine the effects of inulin supplementation on inflammation and assess the relationships of inflammatory cytokines with adiposity and insulin resistance in obese Thai children. Design: Obese Thai children ages 7–15 years were randomly assigned to inulin (intervention), maltodextrin (placebo), and dietary fiber advice groups. All participants received monthly follow-up and identical advice on lifestyle modification for six visits. Body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and fecal calprotectin were analyzed by ELISA technique at baseline and the final visit. Spearman correlation was used to assess the associations between inflammation and other clinical outcome variables. Results: A total of 155 obese children completed the study (mean age: 10.4 ± 2.2 years, 59% male). All groups showed a significant decrease in BMI z-score, fat mass index (FMI), percent body fat, and trunk FMI. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model showed significantly decreased IL-1β and TNF-α of 34.8% and 25.8%, (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) but increased IL-6 (21.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.006) in all groups. There were no significant differences in inflammatory cytokines and fecal calprotectin between groups. Mean IL-6 was higher in obese children with acanthosis nigricans (<i>p</i> = 0.048). Only IL-6 was positively correlated with body fat percentage and FMI (r = 0.29, <i>p</i> = 0.008 and r = 0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.049, respectively). Conclusions: Intensive behavioral modification and frequent follow-up visits were effective methods to reduce BMI and adiposity leading to decreased inflammatory cytokines. The additional benefits of inulin on inflammation could not be demonstrated due to the Hawthorne effect. Among the three cytokines, IL-6 was the most likely mediator relating FM and insulin resistance at baseline; therefore, it could be used as a surrogate marker of inflammation in obese children who are at risk for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:01:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e15cde0e92d422e978ecfd573151da5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:01:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e15cde0e92d422e978ecfd573151da52023-11-23T16:14:21ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-09-011118285610.3390/foods11182856The Impact of Dietary Fiber as a Prebiotic on Inflammation in Children with ObesityChonnikant Visuthranukul0Tanisa Kwanbunbumpen1Yuda Chongpison2Supakarn Chamni3Ekkarit Panichsillaphakit4Jaraspong Uaariyapanichkul5Settachote Maholarnkij6Sirinuch Chomtho7Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDivision of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, ThailandThe Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandNatural Products and Nanoparticles Research Unit, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDivision of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, ThailandPediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDivision of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, ThailandPediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandBackground: Obesity is associated with dysbiosis, contributing to inflammation and insulin resistance. Inulin might reduce inflammation by manipulating intestinal microbiota. Objective: We aimed to determine the effects of inulin supplementation on inflammation and assess the relationships of inflammatory cytokines with adiposity and insulin resistance in obese Thai children. Design: Obese Thai children ages 7–15 years were randomly assigned to inulin (intervention), maltodextrin (placebo), and dietary fiber advice groups. All participants received monthly follow-up and identical advice on lifestyle modification for six visits. Body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and fecal calprotectin were analyzed by ELISA technique at baseline and the final visit. Spearman correlation was used to assess the associations between inflammation and other clinical outcome variables. Results: A total of 155 obese children completed the study (mean age: 10.4 ± 2.2 years, 59% male). All groups showed a significant decrease in BMI z-score, fat mass index (FMI), percent body fat, and trunk FMI. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model showed significantly decreased IL-1β and TNF-α of 34.8% and 25.8%, (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) but increased IL-6 (21.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.006) in all groups. There were no significant differences in inflammatory cytokines and fecal calprotectin between groups. Mean IL-6 was higher in obese children with acanthosis nigricans (<i>p</i> = 0.048). Only IL-6 was positively correlated with body fat percentage and FMI (r = 0.29, <i>p</i> = 0.008 and r = 0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.049, respectively). Conclusions: Intensive behavioral modification and frequent follow-up visits were effective methods to reduce BMI and adiposity leading to decreased inflammatory cytokines. The additional benefits of inulin on inflammation could not be demonstrated due to the Hawthorne effect. Among the three cytokines, IL-6 was the most likely mediator relating FM and insulin resistance at baseline; therefore, it could be used as a surrogate marker of inflammation in obese children who are at risk for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/18/2856obesityinflammationinflammatory cytokinesfecal calprotectininulinprebiotics |
| spellingShingle | Chonnikant Visuthranukul Tanisa Kwanbunbumpen Yuda Chongpison Supakarn Chamni Ekkarit Panichsillaphakit Jaraspong Uaariyapanichkul Settachote Maholarnkij Sirinuch Chomtho The Impact of Dietary Fiber as a Prebiotic on Inflammation in Children with Obesity Foods obesity inflammation inflammatory cytokines fecal calprotectin inulin prebiotics |
| title | The Impact of Dietary Fiber as a Prebiotic on Inflammation in Children with Obesity |
| title_full | The Impact of Dietary Fiber as a Prebiotic on Inflammation in Children with Obesity |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Dietary Fiber as a Prebiotic on Inflammation in Children with Obesity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Dietary Fiber as a Prebiotic on Inflammation in Children with Obesity |
| title_short | The Impact of Dietary Fiber as a Prebiotic on Inflammation in Children with Obesity |
| title_sort | impact of dietary fiber as a prebiotic on inflammation in children with obesity |
| topic | obesity inflammation inflammatory cytokines fecal calprotectin inulin prebiotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/18/2856 |
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