Tillage and N-source affect soil fertility, enzymatic activity, and crop yield in a maize–rice rotation system in the Indian Terai zone
A field experiment (2017–2019) was undertaken to study the short-term effects of tillage [zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT), and alternate tillage (AT)] and sources of organic and mineral fertilizer N [NS0—control, NS1—recommended doses of fertilizer (160:50:100), NS2—recommended level of...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.983973/full |
| _version_ | 1811190889759899648 |
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| author | Samaresh Sahoo Prabir Mukhopadhyay Jake Mowrer Pragati Pramanik Maity Aniruddha Maity A.K. Sinha Prodipto Sow S Rakesh S Rakesh |
| author_facet | Samaresh Sahoo Prabir Mukhopadhyay Jake Mowrer Pragati Pramanik Maity Aniruddha Maity A.K. Sinha Prodipto Sow S Rakesh S Rakesh |
| author_sort | Samaresh Sahoo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A field experiment (2017–2019) was undertaken to study the short-term effects of tillage [zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT), and alternate tillage (AT)] and sources of organic and mineral fertilizer N [NS0—control, NS1—recommended doses of fertilizer (160:50:100), NS2—recommended level of fertilizer and crop residue (6 Mg·ha−1), NS3—75% of recommended N as fertilizer (120 kg·ha⁻1) and 25% N (40 kg·ha⁻1) as farm yard manure (FYM), and NS4—75% of recommended N as fertilizer and 25% N as vermicompost] on yield and soil quality under a maize–rice rotation system. Among N sources, NS4 produced the highest maize grain yield (10 Mg·ha⁻1). Residual effects of N sources on mean rice grain yield were evident only in crop residue (NS2)- and vermicompost (NS4)-treated plots. After the harvest of two complete maize–rice crop cycles, higher content of dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and urease activity (UR) were observed in the soil under AT as compared to ZT and CT at 0–10 cm (p < 0.05). Similarly, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) also recorded positive changes at 0–10 cm soil depth, especially in NS2 and NS4 treatments. AT resulted in the highest total soil carbon (TOC) (8.10 g·kg−1), followed by CT (6.73 g·kg−1) and ZT (5.98 g·kg−1). Fertilizer N treatments, however, influenced the NO3-N accumulation beyond the root zone, where crop residue-based (NS2) fertilizer N treatment resulted in the highest NO3-N (32.52 kg·ha−1), and the lowest NO3-N (14.48 kg·ha−1) was observed in the FYM-based (NS3) treatment. Therefore, the practice of alternate tillage and integration of vermicompost (40 kg·N·ha−1) and chemical fertilizer (total 120 kg·ha−1) sources should be mostly recommended to farmers in the Terai region of India. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:57:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e1ac218a3e94116b05267019bc5ce11 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:57:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e1ac218a3e94116b05267019bc5ce112022-12-22T04:17:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2022-12-011010.3389/fenvs.2022.983973983973Tillage and N-source affect soil fertility, enzymatic activity, and crop yield in a maize–rice rotation system in the Indian Terai zoneSamaresh Sahoo0Prabir Mukhopadhyay1Jake Mowrer2Pragati Pramanik Maity3Aniruddha Maity4A.K. Sinha5Prodipto Sow6S Rakesh7S Rakesh8Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, IndiaSchool of Agriculture, Seacom Skills University, Birbhum, West Bengal, IndiaTexas A&M AgriLife Extension, Killeen, TX, United StatesSenior Scientist-Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United StatesUttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, IndiaUttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, IndiaUttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, IndiaICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, IndiaA field experiment (2017–2019) was undertaken to study the short-term effects of tillage [zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT), and alternate tillage (AT)] and sources of organic and mineral fertilizer N [NS0—control, NS1—recommended doses of fertilizer (160:50:100), NS2—recommended level of fertilizer and crop residue (6 Mg·ha−1), NS3—75% of recommended N as fertilizer (120 kg·ha⁻1) and 25% N (40 kg·ha⁻1) as farm yard manure (FYM), and NS4—75% of recommended N as fertilizer and 25% N as vermicompost] on yield and soil quality under a maize–rice rotation system. Among N sources, NS4 produced the highest maize grain yield (10 Mg·ha⁻1). Residual effects of N sources on mean rice grain yield were evident only in crop residue (NS2)- and vermicompost (NS4)-treated plots. After the harvest of two complete maize–rice crop cycles, higher content of dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and urease activity (UR) were observed in the soil under AT as compared to ZT and CT at 0–10 cm (p < 0.05). Similarly, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) also recorded positive changes at 0–10 cm soil depth, especially in NS2 and NS4 treatments. AT resulted in the highest total soil carbon (TOC) (8.10 g·kg−1), followed by CT (6.73 g·kg−1) and ZT (5.98 g·kg−1). Fertilizer N treatments, however, influenced the NO3-N accumulation beyond the root zone, where crop residue-based (NS2) fertilizer N treatment resulted in the highest NO3-N (32.52 kg·ha−1), and the lowest NO3-N (14.48 kg·ha−1) was observed in the FYM-based (NS3) treatment. Therefore, the practice of alternate tillage and integration of vermicompost (40 kg·N·ha−1) and chemical fertilizer (total 120 kg·ha−1) sources should be mostly recommended to farmers in the Terai region of India.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.983973/fullalternate tillageconventional tillagemicrobial biomass carbonmicrobial biomass nitrogenzero tillage |
| spellingShingle | Samaresh Sahoo Prabir Mukhopadhyay Jake Mowrer Pragati Pramanik Maity Aniruddha Maity A.K. Sinha Prodipto Sow S Rakesh S Rakesh Tillage and N-source affect soil fertility, enzymatic activity, and crop yield in a maize–rice rotation system in the Indian Terai zone Frontiers in Environmental Science alternate tillage conventional tillage microbial biomass carbon microbial biomass nitrogen zero tillage |
| title | Tillage and N-source affect soil fertility, enzymatic activity, and crop yield in a maize–rice rotation system in the Indian Terai zone |
| title_full | Tillage and N-source affect soil fertility, enzymatic activity, and crop yield in a maize–rice rotation system in the Indian Terai zone |
| title_fullStr | Tillage and N-source affect soil fertility, enzymatic activity, and crop yield in a maize–rice rotation system in the Indian Terai zone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tillage and N-source affect soil fertility, enzymatic activity, and crop yield in a maize–rice rotation system in the Indian Terai zone |
| title_short | Tillage and N-source affect soil fertility, enzymatic activity, and crop yield in a maize–rice rotation system in the Indian Terai zone |
| title_sort | tillage and n source affect soil fertility enzymatic activity and crop yield in a maize rice rotation system in the indian terai zone |
| topic | alternate tillage conventional tillage microbial biomass carbon microbial biomass nitrogen zero tillage |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.983973/full |
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